Last updated: November 16, 2023
Article
The American Home Front and World War II
These articles explore life on the home front by looking at the things people invented, created, and used and the ways that everyday life changed. They include the effects of war mobilization and of conflict on the home front, especially as it relates to civilians. While the US did not formally enter World War II until December 1941, buildup and war in Europe and increasing tensions in the Pacific affected Americans at home. These articles focus on the full extent of World War II, from 1939 to 1945. They also look at (though not as in depth) the years leading up to the war and the effects of World War II on the home front after 1945.
Each of these entries is supported by additional content providing a deeper dive and additional context. You will find these linked throughout, and also at the end of each entry.
Articles
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IntroductionLife on the Home Front in World War II
This article sets the stage for the rest of the series. It defines the home front and addresses how we know what we know.
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The Home Front Before World War IIThe Greater United States
To understand the geography of the American home front in World War II, we need to go back as far as the middle of the 1800s.
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The Home Front Before World War IIWWI, Great Depression, and the New Deal
Circumstances leading up and during World War I, the Great Depression and the New Deal all shaped the US World War II home front.
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Home Front Buildup to World War IIPlan for the Worst, Hope for the Best
Americans knew of the growing conflict during the 1930s. While trying to stay out of it, the government was also quietly preparing for war.
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Home Front Buildup to World War IIThe Draft and the Arsenal of Democracy
World War II began on Sept. 1, 1939. In the US, the government implemented a peacetime draft and expanded manufacturing.
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The Home Front During World War IIA Date That Will Live in Infamy
On December 7, 1941 Japan executed a coordinated, multi-pronged attack on the US home front.
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The Home Front During World War IIEnemies on the Home Front
Not only were there several attacks directly on the home front by Axis troops, there were spies planted throughout the US.
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The Home Front During World War IIIncarceration and Martial Law
The US government incarcerated many Americans and others in camps and prisons across the country. Martial law was declared in Hawaii.
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The Home Front During World War IIRationing, Recycling, & Victory Gardens
As the US joined the war, huge amounts of resources were needed. This meant that civilians had to do without or find other means.
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The Home Front During World War IIThe Wartime Economy
The US economy grew during the war, and pop culture boomed. But it wasn't a "glittering consumer's paradise" for everyone.
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The Home Front After World War IIThe End of the War and Its Legacies
The war did not end all at once. Its legacies continue shaping life in the US and around the world, even today.
This series was written by Megan E. Springate, Assistant Research Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, for the NPS Cultural Resources Office of Interpretation and Education. Portions of the content were funded by the National Council on Public History's cooperative agreement with the National Park Service.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. The American Home Front Before World War II
3. The American Home Front and the Buildup to World War II
3B The Selective Service Act and the Arsenal of Democracy
4. The American Home Front During World War II
4A A Date That Will Live in Infamy
4A(i) Maria Ylagan Orosa
4C Incarceration and Martial Law
4D Rationing, Recycling, and Victory Gardens
4D(i) Restrictions and Rationing on the World War II Home Front
4D(ii) Food Rationing on the World War II Home Front
4D(ii)(a) Nutrition on the Home Front in World War II
4D(ii)(b) Coffee Rationing on the World War II Home Front
4D(ii)(c) Meat Rationing on the World War II Home Front
4D(ii)(d) Sugar: The First and Last Food Rationed on the World War II Home Front
4D(iii) Rationing of Non-Food Items on the World War II Home Front
4D(iv) Home Front Illicit Trade and Black Markets in World War II
4D(v) Material Drives on the World War II Home Front
4D(v)(a) Uncle Sam Needs to Borrow Your… Dog?
4D(vi) Victory Gardens on the World War II Home Front
4D(vi)(a) Canning and Food Preservation on the World War II Home Front
4E The Economy
4E(i) Currency on the World War II Home Front
4E(ii) The Servel Company in World War II & the History of Refrigeration
5. The American Home Front After World War II
5A The End of the War and Its Legacies
5A(i) Post World War II Food
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