Western Terrestrial Garter Snake

Thamnophis elegans

Size (length): 18-41 in (46-104 cm)
Habitat: Desert, Grasslands, Woodlands, Coniferous forests
Diet: Insects, Frogs, Fish, Small Rodents, Small Birds
Predators: Birds of Prey, Raccoons

 

General Biology:

Individual Western Terrestrial Garter Snakes can vary greatly in appearance. This species is usually olive to grey in color and typically has a yellow or white dorsal stripe along with two stripes of the same color on either side. Desert Striped Whipsnakes can often be confused with garter snakes. However, Desert Striped Whipsnakes are larger and have two distinct stripes on their sides, rather than one. The range of the Western Terrestrial Garter Snakes extends from northern Mexico to southern Canada.

Behavior:

Western Terrestrial Garter Snakes are the only known garter snake to constrict their prey. However, compared to other constrictors, they are relatively weak and inefficient constrictors. Until recently, it was thought that these snakes were nonvenomous. However, they are now thought to produce mildly venomous saliva that has myonecrotic (muscle tissue-killing) effects on small mammals such as mice. This venom typically does not have strong effects on humans, causing symptoms similar to an allergic reaction. Western Terrestrial Garter Snakes are ovoviviparous, meaning that the females give birth to live young after eggs hatch in her body. This typically occurs in August and early September. These snakes are typically solitary animals. However, during the winter they hibernate in groups in deep burrows or rock piles.

Conservation:

Western Terrestrial Garter Snakes are not considered threatened or endangered. However, human activity does have an impact on these animals. Destruction of habitat, and road mortalities both have a negative impact on the population of these snakes.All animals are protected in National Parks; therefore it is illegal to harass or harm them. Additionally, getting too close or attempting to catch wild animals is not safe. If disturbed or captured, a Western Terrestrial Garter Snake will likely bite.

When to see at Bryce Canyon:

Western Terrestrial Garter Snakes are typically active during the day. Although their name implies that they only live on land, they can often be found in and around water. Because they are dormant during the winter months, they can likely only be seen in Bryce Canyon during the spring, summer, and fall.