The Valley of Opportunity: A History of West-Central Colorado BLM Cultural Resource Series (Colorado: No. 12)

1. Robert G. Athearn, The Coloradans, (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1976), see chapter 1.

2. Carl Ubbelohde, Maxine Benson and Duane A. Smith, A Colorado History, (Boulder: Pruett Press, 1976), pp. 160-162, hereafter cited: Ubbelohde, Benson and Smith, Colorado History.

3. Ibid., pp. 162-170.

4. MacDonald Knight and Leonard A. Hammock, Early Days on the Eagle, (Eagle, CO.: n.p., 1965), pp. 6-7., hereafter cited: Knight and Hammock, Early Eagle.

5. Ibid., p. 6.

6. Robert L. Brown, Holy Cross—The Mountain and the City, (Caldwell, ID.: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1970), pp. 56-62., hereafter cited: Brown, Holy Cross.

7. Perry Eberhart, Guide to the Ghost Towns and Mining Camps of Colorado, (Denver: Sage Books, 1969), p. 169.

8. Knight and Hammock, Early Eagle, p. 4., and Charles W. Henderson, Mining in Colorado, A History of Discovery, Development and Production, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1926), p. 47., hereafter cited: Henderson, Colorado Mining.

9. Knight and Hammock, Early Eagle, p. 7.

10. Thomas F. Dawson, "The Old Prospector," The Colorado Magazine, 1 (March 1924): 104-105., and Brown, Holy Cross, p. 106., hereafter cited: Dawson, "Prospector."

11. Knight and Hammock, Early Eagle, p. 7.

12. Ibid., p. 48., and Henderson, Colorado Mining, p. 47.

13. Knight and Hammock, Early Eagle, p. 10.

14. Ibid., pp. 12-20., and Brown, Holy Cross, pp. 105, 107, 123, 128.

15. Barkalow Barnacle, "Characters of the Early Days," The Trail, 14 (October 1921): 11., hereafter cited: Barnacle, "Characters."

16. Knight and Hammock, Early Eagle, pp. 10, 14.

17. Brown, Holy Cross, p. 116 and Robert L. Brown, Jeep Trails to Colorado Ghost Towns, (Caldwell, ID.: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1976), pp. 110-114., hereafter cited: Brown, Ghost Towns.

18. Knight and Hammock, Early Eagle, p. 14.

19. Ibid., and William A. McCabe, A Descriptive History of Eagle County, Colorado Relating to Mining, Agriculture, Stock and Scenery, (Red Cliff: n.p., 1899), pp. 30-32, 39. hereafter cited: McCabe, Descriptive Eagle.

20. William Valliant Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Hayden, Ninth Annual, pp. 347-350.

21. Moore Interview, CNM.

22. Clarence L. and Ralph W. Danielson, Basalt: A Colorado Midland Town, (Boulder: Pruett Press, 1971), pp. 1-2., hereafter cited: Danielson and Danielson, Basalt.

23. Robert F. Bartlett, "The Early History of Aspen," (M.A. thesis, University of Denver, 1951), p. 10., hereafter cited: Bartlett, "Early Aspen"., and Frank L. Wentworth, Aspen on the Roaring Fork, (Denver: World Press, 1950), p. 36., hereafter cited: Wentworth, Aspen, Roaring.

24. Wentworth, Aspen, Roaring, p. 36.

25. Len Shoemaker, Roaring Fork Valley, An Illustrated Chronicle, (Silverton, CO.: Sundance Publications, 1973), p. 17., hereafter cited: Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring.

26. Ibid., pp. 26-28., and Wentworth, Aspen, Roaring, pp. 54-55.

27. Bartlett, "Early Aspen," pp. 24-25.

28. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 30.

29. Wentworth, Aspen, Roaring, pp. 4344.

30. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 21., and Len Shoemaker, Pioneers of the Roaring Fork, (Denver: Sage Books, 1965), pp. 30, 217., hereafter cited: Shoemaker, Pioneers.

31. Wentworth, Aspen, Roaring, p. 37., and Shoemaker, Pioneers, p. 18., and Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 26.

32. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, pp. 62-63.

33. Jack Hurley Smith, "The Economic Impact of the Development of the Upper Colorado River Basin in Colorado," (M.A. Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1947), pp. 9-14, and Wentworth, Aspen, Roaring, pp. 54 and 70., and Henderson, Colorado Mining, pp. 4546.

34. George Gibbons Hayes, Getting Down to Bedrock, (Cedar Rapids, IA.: The Premier Press, 1960), pp. 217, 253. and Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 77.

35. Henderson, Colorado Mining, p. 198.

36. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 170.

37. Ibid., p. 79.

38. Ibid., p. 81., and Bartlett, "Early Aspen," pp. 4244.

39. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, pp. 79-81., and Bartlett, Early Aspen, pp. 4344.

40. Henderson, Colorado Mining, pp. 4546., and James Edward Fell, Jr., "Ores to Metals: The Evolution of the Colorado Smelting Industry, 1854-1921," (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1975), p. 204., hereafter cited: Fell, "Ores."

41. Bartlett, "Early Aspen," pp. 125-126.

42. Fell, "Ores," pp. 204-205., and Henderson, Colorado Mining, p. 46.

43. Henderson, Colorado Mining, p. 46.

44. See: Joseph E. King, A Mine to Make a Mine, (College Station, TX.: Texas A&M University Press, 1977). and Richard H. Peterson, The Bonanza Kings, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1977).

45. Wentworth, Aspen, Roaring, pp. 22-23.

46. Ibid., p. 22.

47. Rocky Mountain News, 16 February 1881.

48. Wentworth, Aspen, Roaring, pp. 70-71., and Bartlett, "Early Aspen," p. 69.

49. Bartlett, "Early Aspen," pp. 30, 32-33., and Wentworth, Aspen, Roaring, p. 75., and Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 79.

50. Wentworth, Aspen, Roaring, p. 37., and Bartlett, "Early Aspen," pp. 25-26.

51. Danielson and Danielson, Basalt, pp. 2-4.

52. Bartlett, "Early Aspen," p. 130., and Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 24 and 70.

53. Peggy Clifford and John M. Smith, Aspen—Dreams and Dilemmas, (Chicago: The Swallow Press, 1970), p. 38.

54. Shoemaker, Pioneers, p. 15.

55. Ibid., and Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 82.

56. Shoemaker, Pioneers, pp. 114-118., and Urquhart, Spa, pp. 37-38.

57. Morris Cafky, Colorado Midland, (Denver: Rocky Mountain Railroad Club, 1965), pp. 8-9., hereafter cited: Cafky, Colorado Midland., and Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, pp. 70-71.

58. Duane A. Smith, Horace Tabor: His Life and Legend, (Boulder: Associated University of Colorado Press, 1973), pp. 230-231.

59. Bartlett, "Early Aspen," p. 135., and Arkell, MacMillan and Stewart, comp., Aspen, Pitkin County, Colorado: Her Mines and Mineral Resources, (Aspen: The Aspen Daily Leader, 1892), pp. 6-7, 19, 25., and Robert E. Leach, "Eben Smith," The Trail, 5 (November 1912): 10.

60. Bartlett, "Early Aspen," p. 133, and Moffat Letters, Agnes Wright Spring Collection, Colorado State Historical Society.

61. Lena M. Urquhart, Glenwood Springs: Spa In the Mountains, (Boulder: Pruett Press, 1970), p. 16., hereafter cited: Urquhart, Spa, and Danielson and Danielson, Basalt, p. 22., and Arthur E. Pierce, "Garfield County's First County Seat," The Trail, 7 (November 1914): 13-14., and Edgar A. Wilson Interview, CWA, CSHS.

62. Ubbelohde, Benson and Smith, Colorado History, pp. 216-222.

63. Bartlett, "Early Aspen," pp. 85, 103-104., and Knight and Hammock, Early Eagle, pp. 15,4748.

64. Bartlett, "Early Aspen," pp. 107-114 and 147., and McCabe, Eagle Descriptive, pp. 28-29 and 34.

65. Bartlett, "Early Aspen," pp. 147., and Henderson, Colorado Mining, p. 47.

66. Shoemaker, Pioneers, p. 222., and H. Lee Scamehorn, Pioneer Steelmaker in the West, The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, 1872-1903, (Boulder: Pruett Press, 1976), p. 153., hereafter cited: Scamehorn, CF&I.

67. Labor Enquirer, 2 June 1883., and James Edward Wright, The Politics of Populism, Dissent in Colorado, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974), pp. 20-21., hereafter cited: Wright, Politics Populism.

68. Wright, Politics Populism, pp. 26-27., and Aspen Times, 31 October 1885.

69. Urquhart, Spa, pp. 4546.

70. Willis T. Lee, Coal Fields of Grand Mesa and West Elk Mountains, Colorado, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1912), p. 9., hereafter cited: Lee, Coal Mesa., and Richard P. Fischer, Vanadium-Uranium Deposits of the Rifle Creek Area, Garfield County, Colorado, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1961), pp. 1, 3 and 17., hereafter cited: Fischer, Vanadium.

71. Ferdinand V. Hayden, Tenth Annual Report of the Survey of the Territories, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1878), p. 13., and E.R. Landis, Coal Resources of Colorado. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1959), pp. 147-148., hereafter cited: Landis, Colorado Coal.

72. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 51.

73. Urquhart, Spa, p. 37., and Horace A. Bird, A History of a Line (Colorado Midland), (Colorado Springs: Colorado Midland Railway, 1889), p. 58.

74. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 99., and Scamehorn, CF&I pp. 88-89.

75. Urquhart, Spa, pp. 73-74.

76. C.M. Keck Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Cafky, Colorado Midland, p. 143.

77. Cafky, Colorado Midland, p. 51., and William May Manuscript, "Grand Junction's First Beet Sugar Plant," State Historical Society of Colorado.

78. Scamehorn, CF&I, pp. 81-83.

79. Ibid., pp. 65, 83-90., and Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring; p. 101., and Edna Sweet, Carbondale Pioneers, (n.c., n.p., 1947).

80. Scamehorn, CF&I, p. 90.

81. Ibid., p. 86.

82. Ibid., p. 215., and Theresa V. Francis, Crystal River Saga, (Carbondale, CO.: n.p., 1959)., hereafter cited: Francis, Crystal.

83. Scamehorn, CF&I, pp. 152-155., and H.C. Jessup Interview, CWA, CSHS.

84. Scamehorn, CF&I, p. 119., and Shoemaker, Roaring, p. 196.

85. Urquhart, Spa, p. 37., and William Farnum Interview, CWA, CSHS.

86. Scamehorn, CF&I, p. 90.

87. Ibid., p. 86.

88. Ibid., p. 122., and Dave Fishell, "New Castle's Legacy of Tragedy," Westworld of the Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, 18 February 1979, pp. 4-6., and Libby Doak manuscript, Glenwood Springs Public Library.

89. Scamehorn, CF&I, pp. 169-170.

90. Mary Rait, "Development of Grand Junction and the Colorado River Valley to Palisade From 1881 to 1831," (M.A. thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1931), pp. 143-144., hereafter cited: Rait, "Development, Grand Junction.," and Merton Nolen Bergner, "The Development of Fruita and the Lower Valley of the Colorado River From 1884-1937," (M.A. thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1937), pp. 81-82., hereafter cited: Bergner, "Fruita.," and Mabel B. Eyer manuscript, "Historical Notes on the Palisade Area," Mesa County Public Library. pp. 22 and 39., hereafter cited: Eyer, "Palisade."

91. Rait, "Development, Grand Junction," p. 146., and Eyer "Palisade", pp. 15-22.

92. J.A.K. Crawford Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Nelson J. Pritchard Interview, CWA, CSHS.

93. McGinley, CWA., and Hunter, CWA, CSHS.

94. The Grand Junction Yearbook, 1886, p. 31.

95. Rait, "Development, Grand Junction," p. 21.

96. Ibid, pp. 144-146.

97. Duane Vandenbusche and Rex Myers, Marble, Colorado: City of Stone, (Denver: Golden Bell Press, 1970), pp. 8-9., hereafter cited: Vandenbusche and Myers, Marble.

98. Ibid., p. 12.

99. Ibid., p. 19 and Francis, Crystal, p. 18.

100. Francis, Crystal, pp. 18-21.

101. Vandenbusche and Myers, Marble, pp. 24-31.

102. Edward T. Taylor Papers, Scrapbook #17, Western History Collection, Norlin Library, University of Colorado., and Francis, Crystal, p. 23.

103. Francis, Crystal, p. 26.

104. Ibid., pp. 27-28.

105. Fruita Times, 15 October 1959.

106. Murray, Lest Forget, pp. 145-146.

107. Urquhart, Spa, pp. 131-132.

108. Bergner, Fruita, p. 82.

109. Ibid., p. 24., and Fruita Times, 15 October 1959.

110. Henderson, Colorado Mining, p. 180.

111. Kathleen Bruyn, Uranium Country, (Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 1955), pp. 31-32.

112. William May manuscript, "The Grand Junction Sugar Factory after 1901," Colorado State Historical Society, p. 11.

113. Fischer, Vanadium, pp. 20-21.

114. Danielson and Danielson, Basalt, pp. 1-3., and Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 55.

115. McCabe, Descriptive Eagle, p. 15., and Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 55., and Charles Schleicher Interview, CWA, CSHS.

116. Rait, "Development, Grand Junction," p. 13., and S.J. Scovill Interview, CWA, CSHS., and R.P. Colter Interview, CWA, CSHS.