YOSEMITE Rules and Regulations 1920

MAMMALS AND SUMMER BIRDS OF THE PARK.

The following two lists include those mammals and birds which are likely to be seen by the summer visitor to Yosemite National Park. In the case of the mammals evidence of their presence in the form of workings, tracks, and sign is often as important and possible of certain identification as the animals themselves. Species of rare or casual occurrence, and those found only in the regions adjoining the park to the east and west, are not included. The topography of the park is so diverse that some departure from the limiting altitudes given is to be expected for many of the species, particularly the birds; space limitation here prevents more complete statements of ranges. The localities mentioned for certain of the species are only a few among those in which the mammal or bird in question has been actually observed.

These lists have been prepared by Joseph Grinnell and Tracy I. Storer of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of California and are based upon the collections of specimens and files of information relating to the mammals and birds of the Yosemite National Park contained in that institution.

MAMMALS.

YOSEMITE MOLE (Scapanus latimanus sericatus).—Common in the meadows of Yosemite Valley; less numerous at the higher altitudes. (Tuolumne Meadows.)

DUSKY SHREW (Sorex obscurus obscurus).—Fairly common in moist situations from 7,300 feet upward. (Indian Canyon; Merced Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

YOSEMITE SHREW (Sorex montereyensis mariposae).—Common in moist situations up to 7,300 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Indian Canyon; Chinquapin.)

NAVIGATOR SHREW; water shrew (Neosorex palustris navigator).—Common along streams from 6,000 feet upward; also near base of Yosemite Falls and foot of Indian Canyon in Yosemite Valley. (Porcupine Flat; Vogelsang Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

HIGH SIERRA BAT (Myotis lucifugus altipetens).—Moderately common between 7,500 and 10,350 feet; the highest ranging species of bat in the park. (Merced and Vogelsang Lakes.)

LITTLE CALIFORNIA BAT (Myotis californicus californicus).—Moderately common over floor of Yosemite Valley.

LARGE BROWN BAT (Eptesicus fuscus).—Common in Yosemite Valley; seen also at Merced Lake.

BLACK BEAR; CINNAMON BEAR (Ursus americanus).—Moderately common in forest and brush lands throughout the park. (Yosemite Valley; Merced Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

MOUNTAIN COYOTE (Canis latrans lestes).—Common above 4,000 feet throughout the park.

CASCADE RED FOX (Vulpes necator).—Apparently rare and only above 4,500 feet.

CALIFORNIA GRAY FOX (Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus).—Common at lower levels, reaching only westernmost portions of park below 3,800 feet (near Cascades).

CALIFORNIA COON; RACCOON (Procyon lotor psor).—Yosemite Valley and below, sparse.

SIERRA PINE MARTEN (Martes caurina sierrae).—Common above 8,000 feet, often about rock slides. (Tuolumne Meadows; Vogelsang Lake.)

PACIFIC FISHER (Martes pennati pacifica).—Moderately common in forested region from 6,000 feet up. (Chinquapin; head of Lyell Canyon.)

SIERRA NEVADA WOLVERINE (Gulo luscus luteus).—Sparse, and only from 8,000 feet upward. (Head of Lyell Canyon.)

SIERRA LEAST WEASEL (Mustela murica).—Sparse; only about rock slides at about 10,000 feet. (Ten Lakes; Vogelsang Lake.)

MOUNTAIN WEASEL (Mustela arizonensis).—Common from 4,000 feet upward to limit of timber. (Yosemite Valley; Chinquapin; Tuolumne Meadows; Ten Lakes.)

PACIFIC MINK (Mustela vison energumenous).—Found near Merced Lake.

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA STRIPED SKUNK (Mephitis occidentalis occidentalis).— Chiefly below 4,000 feet. (Yosemite Valley, sparse.)

CALIFORNIA SPOTTED SKUNK (Spilogale phenax phenax).—Common below 4,000 feet. Several taken on floor of Yosemite Valley.

CALIFORNIA BADGER (Taxidea taxus neglecta).—Fairly Common on meadows above 7,500 feet. (Tuolumne Meadows; Lyell Canyon.)

NORTHWESTERN COUGAR MOUNTAIN LION (Felis oregonensis).—Found in some numbers throughout the park.

CALIFORNIA WILDCAT (Lynx eremicus californicus).—Fairly common below 6,000 feet. Occasional on floor of Yosemite Valley.

GAMBEL WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE (Peromyscus maniculatus gambeli).—Abundant throughout the park; lives in all sorts of shelter such as piles of débris, root tangles, and logs.

BOYLE WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE (Peromyscus boylei boylei).—Common below 5;000 feet. Found numerously on golden oak taluses in Yosemite Valley, and a few at Glen Aulin.

STREATOR WOOD RAT (Neotoma fuscipes streatori).—Common in brush below 4,000 feet. A few live among rocks under golden oaks on north side of Yosemite Valley.

GRAY BUSHY-TAILED WOOD RAT (Neotoma cinerea cinerea).—Common in rock slides above 7,500 feet. (Merced Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

MOUNTAIN LEMMING MOUSE (Phenacomys orophilus).—Apparently rare; taken only at high altitudes. (Ten Lakes basin; Glen Aulin; Fletcher Creek; head of Lyell Canyon.)

YOSEMITE MEADOW MOUSE (Microtus montanus yosemite).—Common in moist meadows in Yosemite Valley and above. (Mono Meadow; Tuolumne Meadows; Vogelsang Lake.)

CANTANKEROUS MEADOW MOUSE (Microtus mordax mordax).—Common along edges of swifter flowing streams throughout the park. (Yosemite Valley; Mount Hoffmann; Lyell Canyon.)

HOUSE MOUSE (Mus musculus musculus).—Not native; now common about buildings in Yosemite Valley.

YOSEMITE POCKET GOPHER (Thomomys alpinus ahwahnee).—Common on meadows in Yosemite Valley.

SIERRA NEVADA POCKET GOPHER (Thomomys monticola monticola).—Abundant in the meadows and on hillsides above 6,100 feet.

ALLEN JUMPING MOUSE (Zapus trinotatus alleni).—Common in most grassy meadows above 5,000 feet; found also in Yosemite Valley about foot of Yosemite Falls.

YELLOW-HAIRED PORCUPINE (Erethizon epianthum epixanthum).—Moderately common in lodgepole pine belt from 6,000 feet up to timberline. Casual in Yosemite Valley.

SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAIN BRAVER (Aplodontia rufa californica).—Locally common along smaller swift-flowing streams from 6,000 feet up nearly to timber line. (Chinquapin; Indian Canyon above Yosemite Valley; head of Lyell Canyon.)

SOUTHERN SIERRA MARMOT; WOODCHUCK (Marmota flaviventris sierrae).—Common about rock-bordered meadows above 8,000 feet. (Snow Flat; Tuolumne Meadows; Lyell Canyon.)

CALIFORNIA GROUND SQUIRREL (Citellus beecheyi beecheyi).—Common up to about 8,200 feet; most abundant below 5,000 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Porcupine Flat; Chinquapin.)

BELDING GROUND SQUIRREL; PICKET-PIN (Citellus beldingi).—Common on meadows above 8,200 feet. (Snow Flat; Tuolumne Meadows; Tioga Pass.)

SIERRA GOLD-MANTLED GROUND SQUIRREL COPPERHEAD (Callospermophilus chrysodeirus chrysodeirus).—Common on floor of open forests above 6,000 feet. (Glacier Point; Porcupine Flat; Tuolumne Meadows.)

CHIPMUNKS (genus Eutamias).—Five kinds of striped chipmunks occur in the park. They differ in size, in details of coloration, and in local range and habits, so as to be readily separated after some study.

MARIPOSA CHIPMUNK (Eutamias merriami mariposae).—Moderately common below 5,000 feet. Found on floor of Yosemite Valley and at Columbia Point; lives in rocks, brush and low trees.

TAHOE CHIPMUNK (Eutamias speciosus frater).—Abundant in forest above 5,500 feet; lives on standing trees and takes refuge in these, often going 50 feet or more above ground. (Glacier Point; Lake Tenaya; Tuolumne Meadows.)

LONG-EARED CHIPMUNK (Eutamias quadrimaculalus).—Common in heavy chaparral between 5,400 and 7,300 feet; never goes much over 5 feet above ground (Glacier Point; Chinquapin; Tamarack Flat.).

ALLEN CHIPMUNK (Eutamias senex).—Abundant about fallen logs and brush patches in forest from 4,600 to 7,700 feet; never goes much over 5 feet above ground. (Lady Franklin Rock; Glacier Point; above Yosemite Point; Merced Lake.)

ALPINE CHIPMUNK (Eutamias alpinus).—Common about rocks, chiefly above 9,500 feet, locally down to 8,500 feet. (Near Tuolumne Meadows; Vogelsang Lake; Mt. Lyell.)

SIERRA CHICKAREE (Sciurus douglasi albolimbatus).—Common in forests from 6,000 feet upward, but most numerous between 6,000 and 8,000 feet; occasional on floor of Yosemite Valley.

CALIFORNIA GRAY SQUIRREL (Sciurus griseus griseus).—Common throughout the black oak and yellow pine belts; ranges locally as high as 6,500 feet. Abundant on floor of Yosemite Valley.

SIERRA NEVADA FLYING SQUIRREL (Glaucomys sabrinus lascivus).—Common in forests from 4,000 to 8,000 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Chinquapin; Porcupine Flat; Merced Grove Big Trees.)

YOSEMITE CONY; PIKA (Ochotona schisticeps muiri).—Common in rock slides from 8,000 feet up to, and even above, timberline. (Tenaya Lake; Mount Clark; head of Lyell Canyon; Young Lake.)

SIERRA WHITE-TAILED JACK RABBIT (Lepus townsendii sierra).—Moderately common about meadows and untimbered ridges above 8,000 feet. (Tuolumne Meadows; Fletcher Lake; Tioga Pass.)

ROCKY MOUNTAIN MULE DEER (Ococoileus hemionus hemionus).—Found throughout the park, but numbers vary according to season and place. (Yosemite Valley; Wawona Road; Tenaya Trail; Little Yosemite Valley.)

SIERRA BIGHORN; MOUNTAIN SHEEP (Ovis sierrae).—Formerly ranged over those portions of the park above 9,000 feet; horns and bones still to be found. Not seen alive within the park for many years.

SUMMER BIRDS.

HARLEQUIN DUCK (Histrionicus histrionicus).—Occasionally seen along streams between 3,800 and 6,000 feet. (Yosemite Valley.)

SPOTTED SANDPIPER (Actitis macularia).—Common along pebbly or sandy shores bordering the larger streams and lakes. (Yosemite Valley; Tenaya Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

MOUNTAIN QUAIL (Oreortyx picta plumifera).—Common about brush thickets from 3,300 to 8,500 feet. (Little Yosemite; Union Point to Glacier Point; Yosemite Point.)

SIERRA GROUSE (Dendragapus obscurus sierrae).—Fairly common in forests above 5,500 feet, as about rim of Yosemite Valley; ranges up to 10,000 feet altitude in late summer. (Glacier Point; Inspiration Point; above Yosemite Falls.)

BAND-TAILED PIGEON (Columba fasciata fasciata).—Common in black oak belt, as in Yosemite Valley. (Columbia Point; Union Point; Valley floor.)

COOPER HAWK (Accipiter cooperi).—Moderately common in Yosemite Valley, keeping mostly to tall trees near streams.

WESTERN GOSHAWK (Astur atricapillus striatulus).—Sparse at 6,000 to 8,500 feet, as about rim of Yosemite Valley.

WESTERN RED-TAILED HAWK (Buteo borealis calurus).—Present in some numbers throughout the park.

GOLDEN EAGLE (Aquila chrysaetos).—Moderately common at lower altitudes and sparsely represented up to timberline. (Eagle Peak; Nevada Falls; Tenaya Canyon.)

AMERICAN SPARROW HAWK (Falco sparvarius sparvarius).—Moderately common throughout the park, usually about drier meadows and open tops of ridges.

SPOTTED OWL (Strix occidentalis occidentalis).—Moderately common along north side of Yosemite Valley (near foot of Rocky Point.)

SAW-WHET OWL (Cryptoglaux acadica).—On floor of Yosemite Valley.

PACIFIC HORNED OWL (Bubo virginianus pacificus).—Common below 8,500 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Little Yosemite Valley; Chinquapin.)

CALIFORNIA PIGMY OWL (Glaucidium gnoma californicum).—Common in Yosemite Valley.

WESTERN BELTED KINGFISHER (Cerle alcyon caurina).—Frequently seen along streams and about margins of lakes up at least to 8,600 feet altitude. (Yosemite Valley; Merced Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

MODOC HAIRY WOODPECKER (Dryobates villosus orius).—Moderately common throughout the park below timberline. (Yosemite Valley; Tenaya Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

WILLOW WOODPECKER; "DOWNY" WOODPECKER (Dryobates pubescens turati).— Sparingly represented in Yosemite Valley, foraging on soft barked trees.

NORTHERN WHITE-HEADED WOODPECKER (Xenopicus albolarvatus albolarvatus).—Common from 4,000 to 7,500 feet, foraging chiefly on coniferous trees. (Yosemite Valley; Chinquapin; Tamarack Flat; Aspen Valley.).

ARCTIC THREE-TOED WOODPECKER (Picoides arcticus).—Sparsely represented in forests from 7,200 to 8,600 feet or higher. Forages chiefly on lodgepole pines. (Upper Bridal Veil Creek; Lake Tenaya; Tuolumne Meadows.)

SIERRA RED-BREASTED SAPSUCKER (Sphyrapicus varius daggetti).—Common in forests from 3,500 to 7,500 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Merced Grove Big Trees; Chinquapin.)

WILLIAMSON SAPSUCKER (Sphyrapicus thyroideus thyroideus.—Common, chiefly in lodgepole pines, from about 6,000 feet altitude up to timberline. (Glacier Point; Porcupine Flat; Tuolumne Meadows.)

NORTHERN PILEATED WOODPECKER (Phloeotomus pileatus abicticola).—Common in forests, chiefly of fir, from 4,000 to 7,500 feet altitude. (Yosemite Valley; Little Yosemite Valley; above Yosemite Falls; Glacier Point.)

CALIFORNIA WOODPECKER (Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi).—Common in oaks on floor of Yosemite Valley.

RED-SHAFTED FLICKER (Colaptes cafer collaris).—Moderately common through out the park, up even to timberline. (Yosemite Valley; Merced Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

PACIFIC NIGHTHAWK (Chordeiles virginianus hesperis).—Moderately common in higher open country. (Tuolumne Meadows; Merced Lake.)

WHITE-THROATED SWIFT (Aeronautes melanoleucus).—Common in Yosemite Valley; to be seen from the valley floor, or from any of the vantage points about the rim, such as Glacier and Yosemite points.

CALLIOPE HUMMINGBIRD (Stellula calliope).—Moderately common in Yosemite Valley, at points about the rim of the valley, and elsewhere below 7,500 feet. (Chinquapin; Little Yosemite Valley.)

BLACK PHOEBE (Sayornis nigricans).—Occasional along Merced River up into Yosemite Valley.

OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER (Nuttallornis borealis).—Moderately common on north side of Yosemite Valley and in territory above the valley up to about 8,200 feet. Frequents tops of forest trees.

WESTERN WOOD PEWEE (Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni).—Widely distributed along streams and in forests up to 8,200 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Tenaya Lake; Merced Lake.)

SMALL FLYCATCHERS (Genus Empidonax).—Five small flycatchers closely similar to one another in size, coloration, and habits are found in the Yosemite National Park. The Western Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis difficilis) frequents wooded canyon bottoms lined with alders and incense cedars (Merced Grove Big Trees, Yosemite Valley); the Traill Flycatcher (Empidonax trailli trailli) inhabits willows along streams (Yosemite Valley); the Hammond Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondi) lives in and about red firs (Chinquapin, Porcupine Flat, Merced Lake); and the Wright Flycatcher (Empidona wrighti) lives about brush patches in the higher mountains (Chinquapin and eastward to head of Lyell Canyon).

BLUE-FRONTED JAY (Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis).—Common in forests from 3,300 to 8,200 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Chinquapin; Glacier Point; Big Oak Flat Road.)

CLARKE NUTCRACKER; CLARKE CROW (Nucifraga columbiana).—Common about edges of clearings and on ridge tops from about 8,000 feet upward to timber line; occasional at lower altitudes. (Tuolumne Meadows; Vogelsang Lake; Mount Clark.)

KERN RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD (Agelaius phoeniceus aciculatus).—In small numbers in meadows on floor of Yosemite Valley.

BREWER BLACKBIRD (Euphagus cyanocephalus).—Nests in Yosemite Valley, ranging higher in mountains after first of July, as to Tuolumne Meadows.

CALIFORNIA EVENING GROSBEAK (Hesperiphona vespertina californica).—Present in varying numbers in different years in Yosemite Valley and area surrounding Valley up to 8,000 feet.

CALIFORNIA PINE GROSBEAK (Pinicola enucleator californica).—Sparse, in lodgepole pines and alpine hemlocks above 8,500 feet. (Ten Lakes.)

CALIFORNIA PURPLE FINCH (Carpodacus purpureus californicus).—Common in sparse forests from 3,300 to 6,500 feet. (Yosemite Valley.)

CASSIN PURPLE FINCH (Carpodacus cassini).—Common in forested regions from 6,000 feet up to timberline. (Chinquapin; Glacier Point; Merced Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

SIERRA CROSSBILL (Loxia curvirostra bendirei).—Sparsely represented in forests from 5,500 to at least 8,600 feet. (Aspen Valley; Tuolumne Meadows.)

SIERRA NEVADA ROSY FINCH; LEUCOSTICTE (Leucosticte tephrocotis dawsoni).— Common about highest meadows and snowbanks in glacial circques, near timberline; rarely seen below 9,000 feet. (Mount Hoffmann; Mount Clark; Mount Lyell.)

PINE SISKIN (Spinus pinus pinus).—Common about openings in forests through out the park. (Yosemite Valley; Snow Flat; Tuolumne Meadows.)

WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW (Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys).—Common in willow thickets along streams and about meadows from 7,500 feet to timber line. (Tuolumne Meadows; head of McClure Fork; Tioga Pass.)

WESTERN CHIPPING SPARROW (Spizella passerina arizonae).—Common throughout the park. (Yosemite Valley; Merced Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

SIERRA JUNCO (Junco oreganus thurberi).—Abundant throughout the forested portions of the park; not so numerous in Yosemite Valley as at higher altitudes.

LINCOLN SPARROW (Melospiza lincolni lincolni).—Sparsely represented in thickets in meadows and along streams from 7,000 to 9,000 feet.

MARIPOSA FOX SPARROW (Passerella iliaca mariposae).—Common in the brush patches on dry slopes from 5,500 to 8,500 feet. Plentiful at Glacier and Yosemite points.

SACRAMENTO SPURRED TOWHEE (Pipilo maculatas falcinellus).—Moderately common in bottom land thickets up to 5,500 feet. (Yosemite Valley; below Chinquapin; Cascades.)

GREEN-TAILED TOWHEE (Oreospiza chlorura).—Moderately common in brush patches from 6,300 to 8,000 feet. Occasional in Yosemite Valley. (Chinquapin; Yosemite Point; Porcupine Flat.)

PACIFIC BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK (Zamelodia melanocephala capitalis).—Common in black oak belt. (Yosemite Valley; Cascades.)

LAZULI BUNTING (Passerina amoena).—Moderately common in vicinity of streams up to 4,000 feet. (Yosemite Valley.)

WESTERN TANAGER (Piranga ludoviciana).—Common in forests from 3,300 to 8,100 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Merced Grove Big Trees; Glacier Point; Chinquapin.)

NORTHERN VIOLET-GREEN SWALLOW (Tachycineta thalissina lepida).—Moderately common in Yosemite Valley; often flying overhead in company with White-throated Swifts. (Wawona Road.)

WESTERN WARBLING VIREO (Vireosylva gilva swainsoni).—Common near stream up to 8,000 feet, but more abundant at lower attitudes. (Yosemite Valley; Indian Canyon; Cascades.)

CASSIN VEIRO (Laniveiro solitarius cassini).—Moderately common among oaks, cottonwoods and cedars up to 8,000 feet. (Yosemite Valley; above Yosemite Point; Chinquapin.)

CALVERAS WARBLER (Vermivora ruficapilla gutturalis).—Common in black oaks and maples in vicinity of shaded earth banks or mossy boulders up to 7,400 feet. (Yosemite Valley; near Glacier Point; Mono Meadow.)

CALIFORNIA YELLOW WARBLED. (Dendroica aestiva brewsteri).—Common in cottonwoods and willows along Merced River, up into Yosemite Valley.

AUDUBON WARBLER (Dendroica auduboni audubonia).—Common in pine forests up nearly to timberline. (Yosemite Valley; Glacier Point; Tuolumne Meadows.)

BLACK-THROATED GRAY WARBLER (Dendroica nigrescens).—Common in golden oaks, on talus along walls of Yosemite Valley, and elsewhere in Park below 6,000 feet.

HERMIT WARBLER (Dendroica occidentalis).—Present in varying numbers in different years in forests from 4,000 to 7,400 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Crane Flat; Mono Meadow.)

TOLMIE WARBLER (Oporornis tolmiei).—Moderately common in streamside brash on floor of Yosemite Valley, and elsewhere up to 7,300 feet.

GOLDEN PILEOATED WARBLER (Wilsonia pusilla chryseola).—Moderate common in willows along streams and bordering meadows from 5,800 to 9,200 feet. Occasional on floor of Yosemite Valley.

AMERICAN DIPPER; WATER OUZEL (Cinclus mexicanus unicolor).—Common along streams throughout the Park. (Yosemite Valley; Tenaya Creek; Lyell Canyon.)

ROCK WREN. (Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus).—Moderately common locally in exposed rocky situations. (North Dome; Tuolumne Meadows; Mono Pass.)

DOTTED CANYON WREN (Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus).—Common on rock walls of Yosemite Valley, and in lower canyon of Merced River.

WESTERN WINTER WREN (Nannus hiemalis pacificus).—Moderately common along shaded stream sides and in root tangles from 3,500 to 6,000 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Merced Grove Big Trees; Chinquapin.)

SIERRA CREEPER (Certhia familiaris zelotes).—Common on trunks of forest trees. (Yosemite Valley; Merced Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

SLENDER-BILLED NUTHATCH (Sitta carolinensis aculeata).—Fairly common in open forests up to 8,000 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Chinquapin; Tamarack Flat.)

RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH (Sitta canadensis).—Common at middle altitudes, 4,000 to 8,600 feet, keeping high in coniferous trees. (Yosemite Valley; Chinquapin; Tuolumne Meadows.)

PIGMY NUTHATCH (Sitta pygmaca pygmaca).—Bands occasionally encountered below 6,500 feet in yellow pines. (North side of Little Yosemite Valley.)

SHORT-TAILED MOUNTAIN CHICKADEE (Penthestes gammbeli abbreviatus).—Common in forests from 3,500 feet nearly to timberline. (Yosemite Valley; Chinquapin; Little Yosemite Valley; Porcupine Flat.)

WESTERN GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET (Regulus satrapa olivaceus).—Common in coniferous forests up to 8,200 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Chinquapin; Glen Aulin.)

WESTERN RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET (Regulus calendula cineraceus).—Common in coniferous forests up nearly to timberline. (Yosemite Valley; Glacier Point; Lyell Canyon.)

TOWNSEND SOLITAIRE (Myadestes townsendi).—Moderately common on slopes from 5,600 to 8,500 feet. (Chinquapin; Glacier Point; Porcupine Flat.)

RUSSET-BACKED THRUSH (Hylocichla ustulata ustulata).—Moderately common on floor of Yosemite Valley.

SIERRA HERMIT THRUSH (Hylocichla guttata sequoiensis).—Common on shaded slopes throughout the forested parts of the Park, but more abundant above 4,500 feet. (Yosemite Valley; Chinquapin; Porcupine Flat; Tuolumne Meadows.)

WESTERN ROBIN (Planesticus migratorius propinquus).—Abundant especially in and near openings in forests. (Yosemite Valley; Merced Lake; Tuolumne Meadows.)

MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD (Sialia currucoides).—Common about meadows and open tops of ridges from 8,000 feet to timberline. (Tuolumne Meadows; Mount Hoffmann; Count Clark.)