BUFFALO Let The River Be: A History of the Ozark's Buffalo River

1. Harrison (Arkansas) Times, August 23, 1902, p. 2.

2. United States, Census Bureau, [1900 Census], Twelfth Census of the United States, Taken in the Year 1900, vol. I, Population, Part 1 (Washington: United States Census Office, 1901), pp. 10-11.

3. Ibid., vol. VI, Agriculture, Part 1, pp. 267-268.

4. Harrison (Arkansas) Times, June 19, 1886, p. 3.

5. Ibid., November 27, 1886, p. 3.

6. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, October 15, 1897, p. 2.

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid., October 28, 1899, p. 2; J.C. Love to J.J. Johnston, December 12, 1962, James J. Johnston Private Collection, Marshall, Arkansas.

9. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, February 25, 1899, p. 2.

10. Clifton E. Hull, "Wagons South—Or the Historic Caravan of 1880," Little Rock Arkansas Gazette, April 27, 1969.

11. J.C. Love to J.J. Johnston, December 12, 1962, Johnston Collection; Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, December 23, 1898, p. 2.

12. John D. Hicks, The Populist Revolt: A History of the Farmer's Alliance and the Peoples Party (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961), pp. 111-112.

13. Ibid.

14. "Minutes of the Brothers of Freedom and Agricultural Wheel Lodges at Pleasant Grove, Searcy County, Arkansas, 1883-1886," microfilm copy, Arkansas History Commission, Little Rock.

15. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, July 15, 1892, p. 1.

16. Hicks, The Populist Revolt, p. 142.

17. Harrison (Arkansas) Times, September 11, 1886, p. 2.

18. Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, August 13, 1886, p. 2.

20. Lackey, "Cutting and Floating," pp. 365-369; McInturff, "Floating Timber," p. 8.

19. Daniel B. Lackey, "Cutting and Floating Red Cedar Logs in North Arkansas," Arkansas Historical Quarterly, XIX (Winter 1960), p. 361; Harrison (Arkansas) Times, August 23, 1902, p. 4; Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, March 5, 1886, p. 1; Orville J. McInturff, "Floating Timber Down the Buffalo River—1890's," Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, May 25, 1972, pp. 8-9; Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, November 13, 1975, p. 9.

21. Lackey, "Cutting and Floating," p. 367; J.K. Villines (Harrison, Arkansas) to Dwight Pitcaithley, July 3, 1974, taped interview, Southwest Collection, Texas Tech University.

22. Eva B. Henderson (Compton, Arkansas) to Dwight Pitcaithley, July 22, 1974, taped interview, Southwest Collection, Texas Tech University.

23. B.B. Chism, comp., Laws of Arkansas as to Roads and Highways, For the Use of Overseers (Little Rock: Press Printing Company, 1891), p. 9.

24. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, February 25, 1898, p. 2; March 11, 1898, p. 5.

25. United States, Army Corps of Engineers, Buffalo River Basin, Arkansas, White River Basin Comprehensive Study, Missouri and Arkansas, vol. II (Little Rock: Corps of Engineers, 1964), figures A13-15.

26. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Educator, April 1892, p. 11; May 1892, p. 2; Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, May 4, 1893, p. 2; April 8, 1899, p. 5; Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, February 18, 1887, p. 2; Harrison (Arkansas) Times, February 17, 1883, p. 3.

27. United States, Army Corps of Engineers, Survey of Buffalo Fork of White River. Arkansas, H. Doc. 207, 54th Cong., 2nd Sess., Serial 3524, 1897, p. 4.

28. A.C. Jeffery, Historical and Biographical Sketches of the Early Settlement of the Valley of White River Together With a History of Izard County, ed. by Dale Hanks (Batesville, Arkansas: Guard-Record, Inc., 1973), p. 66.

29. John Quincy Wolf, Life in the Leatherwoods, ed. by John Quincy Wolf, Jr. (Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1974), p. 134.

30. Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, January 6, 1887, p. 1.

31. By 1905 the last steamboat had abandoned the upper river trade. Wolf, Life in the Leatherwoods, pp. 137-139; Duane Huddleston, "Navigation of the Buffalo River—Epic Trip of Steamboat Dauntless," Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, March 13, 1969.

32. United States, Census Bureau, [1880 Census], Reports of the Water-Power of the United States, vol. XIII, Part 2 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1887), p. 124.

33. United States, Army Corps of Engineers, Survey of Buffalo Fork, pp. 2-3.

34. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, November 11, 1899, p. 3.

35. United States, Census Bureau, [1900 Census], Twelfth Census. . ., vol. I, Population, Part 2, p. 470.

36. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, November 15, 1894, p. 1.

37. Ibid., December 15, 1892, p. 2; Harrison (Arkansas) Times, September 8, 1883, p. 2.

38. Harrison (Arkansas) Times, August 18, 1883, p. 2; Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Educator, March 1892, p. 6.

39. Walter F. Lackey, History of Newton County, Arkansas (Point Lookout, Missouri: S of O Press, 1950), p. 162; Orville J. McInturff, Searcy County, My Dear: A History of Searcy County, Arkansas (Marshall, Arkansas: Marshall Mountain Wave, 1963), p. 116.

40. Harrison (Arkansas) Times, March 13, 1886, p. 2.

41. McInturff, Searcy County, My Dear, pp. 116-117.

42. Lackey, History of Newton County, p. 163.

43. Love to Johnston, December 3, 1962, Johnston Collection.

44. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Educator, March 1893, p. 1.

45. Wolf, Life in the Leatherwoods, p. 29.

46. James T. Greenhaw to Walter Lackey, undated letter, The Newton County Homestead, II (April 1960), p. 48. See also Harrison (Arkansas) Times, June 19, 1886, p. 3.

47. United States, Census Bureau, Religious Bodies: 1906, Part 1 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1910), pp. 296-298.

48. Ibid.

49. Ibid.

50. James A. Anderson, Centennial History of Arkansas Methodism: A History of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in the State of Arkansas 1815-1935 (Benton, Arkansas: L.B. White Printing Co., 1935), p. 510.

51. Ibid.

52. Doris E. Thompson, "History of an Ozark Utopia," Arkansas Historical Quarterly, XIV (Winter 1955), pp. 359-364.

53. Lawrence R. Handley, "A Geography of the Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad" (M.A, thesis, University of Arkansas, 1973), pp. 151-154.

54. Thompson, "History of an Ozark Utopia," pp. 367, 371-373.

55. Harrison (Arkansas) Times, December 16, 1882, p. 3.

56. Ibid., October 21, 1882.

57. Ibid., July 21, 1883, p. 3.

58. See Columbus Vaughn, Lester Snow, and Sarah Snow, This Was Frank James (Philadelphia: Dorrance & Company, 1969).

59. The sheriff was later acquitted of the crime. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, January 5, 1893, p. 2.

60. Harrison (Arkansas) Times, July 7, 1900, p. 3.

61. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, March 11, 1898, p. 5; Ibid., March 11, 1899, p. 3.

62. Harrison (Arkansas) Times, October 7, 1882, p. 3.

63. Joseph E. Dabney, Mountain Spirits: A Chronicle of Corn Whiskey From King James' Ulster Plantation to America's Appalachians and the Moonshine Life (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), p. 3.

64. Walter F. Lackey, "Introduction," in Isaac Stapleton, Moonshiners in Arkansas (n.p.: Zion's Printing and Publishing Company, 1948), Introduction.

65. Harrison (Arkansas) Times, February 27, 1886, p. 3.

66. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, June 1, 1893, p. 2; Lackey, History of Newton County, pp. 123-124.

67. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, February 9, 1901, p. 3.

68. Ibid., January 21, 1898, p. 3.

69. United States, Census Bureau, [1900 Census], Twelfth Census..., vol. I, Population, Part 1, p. 439.

70. Ibid., p. 530; United States, Census Bureau, [1870 Census], A Compendium of the Ninth Census (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1872), p. 27.

71. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, February 16, 1893, p. 2.

72. Ibid., November 26, 1897, p. 3.