Effigy Mounds Administrative History

¹"Interpretation" is the National Park Service's educational program. The terms "interpretation" and "education" are used interchangeably in this chapter.

²Archeologist John Andresen, Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, personal communication with author, November 28, 1988; and Barry Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service: A Historical Perspective (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1986), 2—3.

³Mackinstosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service, 5-6, 9, and passim.

⁴Monthly Narrative Report, December 1949-March 1950.

⁵Ibid.

⁶Monthly Narrative Reports, May-July 1950; and Activities Report, June 21-27, 1950. For a fuller discussion of interpretive facilities, please refer to Chapter 6.

⁷Monthly Narrative Reports, April-May 1951.

⁸Monthly Narrative Reports, April 1952.

⁹Memorandum, Superintendent William J. Kennedy to Regional Director [Howard Baker], December 3, 1952.

¹⁰Memorandum, Chief of Museum Branch Ned J. Burns to Baker, October 22, and November 5, 1952; and Kennedy to Baker, December 3, 1952.

¹¹Memorandum, Acting Superintendent Logan to Baker, February 12, 1952.

¹²See Memorandum, Burns to Baker, March 27 and September 11, 1953.

¹³See memorandums, Superintendent Walter T. Berrett to Director [Conrad Wirth], June 17 and October 5, 1954; and Berrett to Burns, October 20, 1955.

¹⁴Fact file, Effigy Mounds National Monument.

¹⁵Letter, Eldon Haas, Claims Agent, H & W Motor Express, to Parker Steel Products Co., Inc., November 11, 1953; and letter, Leonard E. Parker, Parker Steel products, to Haas, November 17, 1953.

¹⁶Letter, Archeologist Robert T. Bray to Archeologist Wilfred Logan, August 1, 1957.

¹⁷ Memorandums, Berrett to Baker, January 18, 1955, and October 12, 1956.

¹⁸See memorandum, Museum Curator Newell F. Joyner to Regional Chief of Interpretation [H. Raymond Gregg], February 28, 1958; and Archeologist Paul Beaubien to Logan, March 17, 1958.

¹⁹Memorandum, Gregg to Berrett, June 5, 1957.

²⁰Memorandum, Baker to Wirth, February 13, 1959.

²¹See letter, Superintendent Daniel J. Tobin, Jr., to Director, Milwaukee Public Museum, January 27, 1960; letter, John Earl Ingmanson to Dr. Warren L. Littry, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, February 2, 1960; and memorandum, Tobin to Baker, February 3, 1960.

²²See memorandum, Acting Chief of Interpretation John E. Doerr [Washington Office] to Baker, April 1, 1958; and Baker to Wirth, March 13, 1959.

²³See memorandum, Frank E. Buffmire, Assistant Chief, Branch of Museums, to Tobin, August 30, 1960.

²⁴Rodney Rovang, Resources Management Specialist, Effigy Mounds National Monument, communication with author, November 29, 1988.

²⁵See Ralph Lewis, Chief, Branch of Museums, to Tobin, June 3, 1960.

²⁶Rovang, communication with author, November 29, 1988; and memorandum, Acting Superintendent Glen Bean, Yellowstone National Park, to Lewis, April 15, 1960. The beaver pelt is still in the collection at Effigy Mounds National Monument.

²⁷Letter, Robert Petersen to author, April 7, 1989.

²⁸It is interesting to note that Effigy Mounds National Monument Archeologist Garland Gordon assisted the Medical Museum in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, with removal of skeletal remains from their exhibits in 1965. See Monthly Narrative Report, August 1965.

²⁹Memorandum, Russell J. Hendrickson to Frank Kowski, March 16, 1971.

³⁰Memorandum, Kowski to Superintendents, Southwest Region, March 22, 1971.

³¹Memorandum, Kowski to Superintendents, Southwest Region, August 12, 1971.

³²Memorandum, Western Service Center Director Glenn 0. Hendrix to Baker, June 11, 1971.

³³Memorandum, Acting Regional Director Phillip Iversen to Ralph Lewis, June 25, 1971.

³⁴James David, communication with author, February 16, 1989; Thomas A. Munson, communication with author, April 24, 1989; and letter, Petersen to author, April 7, 1989.

³⁵Rovang, communication with author, November 29, 1988.

³⁶National Park Service, Statement for Interpretation; and Superintendent Thomas A. Munson to author, July 10, 1989.

³⁷National Park Service, Statement of Interpretation, 1987.

³⁸Joyce Nading, communication with author, December 1, 1988; Rovang, communication with author, November 29, 1988; Fact File, Effigy Mounds National Monument; and David, communication with author, February 16, 1989.

³⁹See memorandum, Superintendent Stuart H. Maule to Kenneth Wells, Executive Secretary, Iowa State Education Association, March 22, 1987.

⁴⁰Munson, communication with author, December 1, 1988.

⁴¹These tours complement the exhibits installed in the visitor center museum in 1987.

⁴²The round trip hike from the visitor center to Fire Point is approximately two miles long, and generally takes one and one—half hours to complete.

⁴³National Park Service, Statement for Interpretation.

⁴⁴Ibid.

⁴⁵Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service, 68.

⁴⁶"National Park Service Education Programs," The Environmental Journal (July 1970).

⁴⁷Press release, Secretary of the Interior Walter J. Hickel, September 14, 1970; and Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service, 68.

⁴⁸Munson to Environmental Education Specialist [Andy Kardos], Midwest Region, September 22, 1972.

⁴⁹Munson, communication with author, December 1, 1988.

⁵⁰David, communication with author, February 16, 1989.

⁵¹National Park Service, Statement for Interpretation.