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Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings

	FORT AMANDA SITE Ohio
Auglaize County, just off Ohio 198, about 8 miles southwest of Lima. Ohio Historical Society

Fort Amanda, built in 1812-13 by Col. Thomas Poague on orders from Gen. William Henry Harrison, was one of a series of fortified supply depots in Ohio planned by Harrison to help check the invading British Army, which had taken Detroit in the summer of 1812. It consisted of four two-story blockhouses, connecting palisades, and a central ware house. Its primary purpose was to store supplies until Fort Meigs, farther north, required them. Following the British siege of Forts Meigs, and Stephenson, the Battle of Lake Erie, and the U.S. victory at the Battle of the Thames—all during 1813—Fort Amanda became a way station for troops returning from the north, a hospital, and a burial ground. Abandoned in 1814, it fell into ruins. In 1915 the site became a State memorial, and the State erected a 50-foot-obelisk dedicated to the men who served and died at the fort. The U.S. Government has marked the graves of the unknown dead with permanent headstones. The memorial is open to the public.

	FORT MEIGS SITE Ohio
Wood County, on Ohio 65, about 1 mile southwest of Perrysburg. Fort Meigs State Memorial Ohio Historical Society

Early in 1813 Gen. William Henry Harrison built Fort Meigs as a defense against the invading British Army from Canada. Late in April the British occupied Fort Miami, 1 mile below Fort Meigs, and proceeded to build siege batteries facing Fort Meigs. For a few days the Americans held out alone against the overwhelming British force. Then some 1,200 Kentucky militiamen, under Harrison, dispersed the British. One group of about 800 pursued the British toward Fort Miami, but were caught in an ambush and all but about 150 killed. A second siege occurred in July, but Harrison forced the British to retreat. As a result of these actions, Fort Meigs became known as the "Gibraltar of the West." The site of Fort Meigs, containing 42 acres, is a State memorial. The only remains of the fort are earthworks, but a 10-acre fort, with enclosing stockade wall, has been rebuilt. An imposing granite shaft 61 feet high marks the site.

NHL Designation: 08/04/69

Scale replica of the stockade at Fort Recovery, erected in 1793-94 by Gen. Anthony Wayne. The replica is part of Fort Recovery State Park, which memorializes Wayne's role in quelling the Indians in the old Northwest and opening the area to white settlement.

	FORT RECOVERY Ohio
Mercer County, Wayne Street, town of Fort Recovery. Fort Recovery Ohio Historical Society

In 1793-94 Gen. Anthony Wayne erected Fort Recovery on the site of an Indian defeat of forces led by Maj. Gen. Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Northwest Territory, in 1790. From the time of St. Clair's disaster to the time of Wayne's campaign, U.S. forces were trained and strengthened. In the fall of 1793 Wayne advanced into Indian territory. He buried the remains of St. Clair's men, recovered the cannon hidden by St. Clair's fleeing army, and built an outpost at the site. He named it Fort Recovery because his mission was one of recovery. In June 1794 at the gates of the fort about 2,000 Indians and a few British attacked a small convoy from Fort Greenville. The Americans beat off the attack.

Fort Recovery State Park contains a one-third scale replica of Wayne's fort and stockade. Overhanging tower rooms are at each end of the stockade. The fort is constructed entirely of wood and has firing plat forms inside. Southwest of the fort is Fort Recovery Museum, a log structure that houses miscellaneous articles excavated at the site. Also in the park is a 93-foot-high monument, on a granite terrace 35 feet square, that commemorates the soldiers who lost their lives during the period 1791-94. A 9-foot-high figure of a frontiersman stands on the west base of the monument.

	GREENVILLE TREATY SITE Ohio
Darke County, 114 West Main Street, Greenville.

The Greenville Treaty Site is also the site of Fort Greenville, built in 1793 by Gen. Anthony Wayne. In the winter of 1793-94 he carefully drilled his soldiers there and prepared for a campaign against the Indians in the Ohio country, which culminated in the defeat of the Indians and their Canadian allies at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794). The Treaty of Greenville (1795), signed by various tribes of the old Northwest, provided for the cessation of hostilities, the exchange of prisoners, and annual allotments of goods to the Indians. The Indians ceded to the United States lands comprising about three-quarters of the present State of Ohio and the southeastern corner of Indiana.

In 1805 Tecumseh and "The Prophet" founded an Indian settlement on the white man's side of the Greenville Treaty line. The settlement, adjoining the site of Fort Greenville, served as a base, where Tecumseh formulated his plan for an Indian confederacy. As the Indians moved west from Greenville, French, English, and German settlers moved in and a town grew up. A Fort Greenville Treaty Memorial is located on the site of the signing of the treaty. Tecumseh Memorial Boulder is situated near Mud Creek Bridge. Fort Greenville burial ground monument, at the southeast corner of West Third and Chestnut Streets, honors soldiers who died during General Wayne's campaign.

	MARIETTA Ohio
Washington County. Marietta Ohio History

In April 1788, 47 New Englanders laid out Marietta, the first settlement in the Northwest Territory resulting from passage of the Ordinance of 1787. They were members of the Ohio Co. of Associates, which owned a 1,800,000-acre tract of land in the Muskingum and Hocking River Valleys and along the Ohio River. In July Gen. Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Territory, arrived and set up a Territorial government. Campus Martius, a large fort, was at that time being built by Rufus Putnam, superintendent for the company, on high ground overlooking the settlement. When completed, it was a square stockade, whose walls were 180 feet in length. The blockhouse was 2 stories high. A sentry tower was located at each corner. The stockade housed many of the settlers until the Treaty of Greenville (1795) concluded the Indian wars in the region.

The settlement prospered, and soon local crafts and businesses sprang up. The location of the town on the Ohio River made it a center of shipping and shipbuilding. In 1800 workers completed the 104-ton brig St. Clair, which in 1801 cleared port for Havana, carrying a cargo of pork and flour. In the next 7 years local craftsmen built about 20 ocean-going brigs and schooners and a few Navy gunboats. As the frontier moved westward, Marietta, though superseded industrially and economically, remained a thriving river town.

In 1931 the State of Ohio completed the Campus Martius Museum on the site of the old fort. Its exhibits portray life in the frontier community of Marietta and tell the story of the early Northwest Territory. The home of Rufus Putnam, the superintendent of the Ohio Co. of Associates, is enclosed in a wing of the museum. Putnam built it around 1788 and used it as his office for many years. Other exhibits in the museum interpret the history of the Ohio River. Exhibited on the Muskingum River, a few blocks away from the museum, is the W. P. Snyder, Jr., a stern wheel towboat. The oldest office building in the Northwest Territory, the Ohio Land Co.'s Land Office, owned by the Colonial Dames of Ohio, stands on the grounds of the museum. A hand-hewn board house, 20 by 30 feet, it was the office in which the Ohio Co. produced the first maps of the Territory and sold and recorded lands. At 326 Front Street stands a 15-room brick house, built in the first decade of the 19th century by Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., fourth Governor of Ohio, justice of the Ohio Supreme Court, U.S. Senator, and Post master General.