Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 7 Forest Conditions in the Olympic Forest Reserve, Washington

TOWNSHIP 21 NORTH, RANGE 5 WEST.

This township, situated in the southeast corner of the reserve, consists mainly of rolling table-lands, rising into mountains along the west line and in the northwest corner. The soil is chiefly clay and loam, and the underbrush is dense. The township is heavily timbered, mainly with red fir, with a little hemlock and cedar, all of good quality.

The timber in the north part of this township can be logged to the South Fork of Skokomish River, up which it will be necessary to build a railroad, as the river is not drivable. In the south part of the township the timber can be logged cheaply by railroad by an extension to existing roads.

Forest conditions in T. 21 N., R. 5 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 21 N., R. 5 W.

TOWNSHIP 21 NORTH, RANGE 6 WEST.

This township, in the southern tier of the reserve, is rolling and broken in the northeastern part and in the northwest corner, while the southern part is gently rolling. It is drained by Middle and West forks of Satsop River. The timber consists chiefly of red fir of good quality and very heavy stands. There is considerable hemlock and a small amount of cedar, the latter also being of good quality. A large part of this township, fully one-third of it, has been logged off and subsequently burned, and logging operations are at present being actively carried on in sections 16, 20, 21, and 22. The lumbering is being carried on by means of a railroad built from Oyster Bay on Puget Sound.

The soil is clay loam on the creeks and rivers, becoming gravel on the uplands.

The underbrush is dense.

Forest conditions in T. 21 N., R. 6 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 21 N., R. 6 W.

TOWNSHIP 21 NORTH, RANGE 7 WEST.

This township, situated on the south line of the reserve, has a steep, rolling and broken surface, drained by the East and West forks of Satsop River. There are trifling burned areas in sections 6 and 7, amounting altogether to 50 acres.

The timber consists chiefly of red fir, in heavy stands, the trees being very large and containing much clear lumber. Perhaps four-fifths of the entire stand is of good quality. The hemlock upon the township is small, not more than half of it of good quality. The cedar, of which there is a considerable amount, is mainly of good quality. The soil consists mostly of red shot clay and loam. The underbrush is dense.

The western part of this township can be logged into Wynooche River with ease. The remainder of the township can be logged to the two branches of Satsop. River, but neither of these streams is of any value for logging purposes, as the banks are low and there are many sand bars. Their valleys, however, afford easy routes for logging railways.

Forest conditions in T. 21 N., R. 7 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 21 N., R. 7 W.

TOWNSHIP 21 NORTH, RANGE 8 WEST.

This township consists of rolling, broken country, drained by Wynooche and Wishkah rivers, and the East Fork of Humptulips River. It is well timbered throughout, the timber consisting chiefly of red fir, with considerable hemlock, and small amounts of cedar and lovely fir. The fir is very large and of good quality; the cedar and hemlock are small and somewhat scattered, half of these two species only being of good quality. The soil consists of red shot clay and gravel. The underbrush is dense.

The eastern part of this township can be logged to Wynooche River, although this is a poor logging stream, with low banks and a great many sand bars. The southwestern part can be logged to Wishkah River, which is a good logging stream, with good banks. The method used on this river in driving logs is by means of splash dams built at favorable points along the river. The northwest corner of this township can be logged to the East Fork of Humptulips River, which can be driven during the winter season. The valley of the river is favorable for the construction of a logging railroad.

Forest conditions in T. 21 N., R. 8 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 21 N., R. 8 W.

PLATE VI. A (left), EVERGREEN POST-OFFICE. B (right), RANCH IN SEC. 14, T. 21N., R. 10 W.

TOWNSHIP 21 NORTH, RANGE 9 WEST.

This township, situated on the south boundary of the reserve, consists of rather steep, rolling land, rising to a maximum elevation of 1,230 feet. A small part consists of level bottom land along the West Fork of Humptulips River, which with the East Fork drains the township. The timber consists chiefly of fir, of good quality, with very heavy stands. It contains also some cedar, spruce, and hemlock, but these species are quite scattering, and only 60 per cent of the trees are of good quality. The soil consists mainly of red shot clay. The underbrush is dense.

This township can be logged to Humptulips River, which is a good logging stream during the winter season. At present parties are cutting timber in sections 20, 21, and 29, in the valley of the West Fork of Humtptuilips River.

Forest conditions in T. 21 N., R. 9 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 21 N., R. 9 W.

TOWNSHIP 21 NORTH, RANGE 10 WEST.

This township, situated on the south line of the reserve, consists entirely of gently rolling land. A small part of section 6 lies within the Queniult Indian Reservation. There are within the township three small burns, comprising altogether three-fourths of a section. The timber consists almost entirely of red fir, cedar, and hemlock. The first is of good quality, with very heavy stands; the cedar occurs mainly in the swamps, and is of very good quality; the hemlock, however, is small and not more than half of it is of value. There is in the township a little spruce, but it is quite scattering. The soil consists of clay and gravel in the upland, and in the swamps clay and loam. Underbrush is everywhere dense.

This township can all be logged southeastward to Humptulips River, which is a good logging stream during the winter season. Another means of getting the timber is by building a railroad, which can be carried through in part of the township very cheaply.

Forest conditions in T. 21 N., R. 10 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 21 N., R. 10 W.

TOWNSHIP 21 NORTH, RANGE 11 WEST.

More than two-thirds of this township is included within the Queniult Indian Reservation, the portion within the forest reserve comprising the southeastern part. The surface consists mainly of level, swampy land, the remainder being slightly rolling upland. The timber consists mostly of cedar of good quality, the stands of which are in some localities very heavy. Some good fir is found on the bench lands, and considerable hemlock, which, however, is small and of poor quality. There is also a little spruce, which is of excellent quality. The soil consists of clay and gravel on the uplands, and in the swamp of clay loam. The underbrush is dense.

This township can be logged eastward to Humptulips River very cheaply.

Forest conditions in T. 21 N., R. 11 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 21 N., R. 11 W.

TOWNSHIP 22 NORTH, RANGE 5 WEST.

This township is drained mainly by the South Fork of Skokomish River. East of the river the surface consists of rolling and level bench lands. On the west the country is mountainous and rugged. The soil is clay, sand, and loam on the bottom lands, while on the upland it consists of clay and gravel. The underbrush is dense. The timber consists chiefly of red fir, with some hemlock and cedar, all of excellent quality.

The timber in this township will have to be logged by two different routes, that in the northern part by a railroad from Lake Cushman through the northeastern part of the township. The south part of the township can be logged into the South Fork of Skokomish River.

DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS.

Forest conditions in T. 22 N., R. 5 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 22 N., R. 5 W.

TOWNSHIP 22 NORTH, RANGE 6 WEST.

This township is mountainous and somewhat rugged, and is drained mainly southward by the West Fork of Skokomish River, and by the East and Middle forks of Satsop River, while the northern part is drained by the North Fork of Skokomish River. The timber consists chiefly of red fir and hemlock, half of which is of good size and quality. It contains also a little cedar and lovely fir, but in scattering form. The soil is clay in the valleys, grading to gravel upon the mountains. The underbrush is dense, consisting of huckleberry, salal, vine maple, salmonberry, devil cane, yew, arrowwood, dogwood, alder, elderberry, and ferns.

The south and west parts of this township can be logged down the Middle and East forks of Satsop River, the eastern part down the West Fork of Skokomish River, while the northern part can be logged to the North Fork of Skokomish. On all these streams it would be necessary to build skid roads and tramways, as they are not drivable, and owing to the rugged character of the country the township would be an expensive and difficult one to log.

Forests conditions in T. 22 N., R. 6 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 22 N., R. 6 W.

TOWNSHIP 22 NORTH, RANGE 7 WEST.

The surface of this township, with the exception of a tract of bench land and bottom land along Wynooche River, is all steep, rugged, and mountainous. It is drained by Wynooche River and the West Fork of the Satsop. There is on the former stream quite an area of bottom land. A tract of 615 acres, or nearly one section, lying mostly in section 19, has been burned. The timber in the township consists mainly of red fir in very heavy stands, large, and of good quality. There is also considerable hemlock, lovely fir, and cedar—not large, but of good quality. The soil consists of clay and gravel. The underbrush is dense.

The western part of this township can be logged to Wynooche River, which, however, is of no value as a logging stream, since it has low banks and flows through a deep canyon in this township. There is, however, a good route for a railroad along the river. The eastern part of the township can be logged to the West Fork of Satsop River, which, like the Wynooche, is of no value for driving purposes, but offers a good route for a railroad from the south.

Forests conditions in T. 22 N., R. 7 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 22 N., R. 7 W.

TOWNSHIP 22 NORTH, RANGE 8 WEST.

The surface of this township is rugged and mountainous, with the exception of a tract of bench land in the southeast corner, in the valley of Wynooche River. It is drained by that stream and by the East Fork of Humptulips River. The timber consists chiefly of hemlock and lovely fir, four-fifths of which is large, clear, and of good quality. It contains also some red fir, in large stands and of good quality. This is found on the bench lands in the southeastern part of the township. The soil is red shot clay, and the underbrush is dense.

The eastern part of this township can be logged to Wynooche River, which, as has been stated elsewhere, is of no value as a logging stream, having low banks and many sand bars. The western part can be logged to the East Fork of Humptulips River, which, however, is in the same condition; but a railroad call be built easily along each of these rivers, thus affording access to the timber.

Forest conditions in T. 22 N., R. 8 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 22 N., R. 8 W.

TOWNSHIP 22 NORTH, RANGE 9 WEST.

The surface of this township consists almost entirely of rolling and broken hills and mountains. It is drained in part by the West Fork of Humptulips River, which flows southwestward across it, and by several smaller streams. The timber consists mostly of cedar, hemlock, and lovely fir, with a trifling amount of spruce and red fir. Perhaps 70 per cent of the stand in the township is of good quality. The soil consists of clay and gravels, and the underbrush is dense.

The eastern part of this township can be logged to the West Fork of Humptulips River, which, however, is of no use as a logging stream, since there are low banks and many sand bars; still there can be built, with little expense, a tramway along the river bank, and the timber can then be handled with skid roads and chutes to the valley. The Western part of this township can be logged very cheaply toward the west.

Forest conditions in T. 22 N., R. 9 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 22 N., R. 9 W.

TOWNSHIP 22 NORTH, RANGE 10 WEST.

The northwest half of this township lies within the Queniult Indian Reservation, the southeastern half only being within the forest reserve. It contains a large burn, mainly in sections 12 and 13, comprising 1,240 acres. The surface of the township is rolling, becoming more level in the western part. The timber consists chiefly of cedar and hemlock, three-fifths of which is of good quality. There is also a little red fir and spruce of good quality. The soil is red shot clay, and the underbrush dense.

This township can be logged very cheaply by means of a railroad into it from Grays Harbor.

Forest conditions in T. 22 N., R. 10 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 22 N., R. 10 W.

TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 5 WEST.

This township, situated in the southeastern part of the reserve, is rugged and mountainous, with the exception of a small area of bottom land above Lake Cushman and on Skokomish River just above the lake. The soil is clay and loam. The underbrush is dense. The timber consists of fir, with some hemlock and cedar, all of excellent quality.

The timber in the northern part of this township can all be logged into Lake Cushman very cheaply; that in the southern part of the township should be logged to the South Fork of Skokomish River, which would be somewhat expensive, owing to the ruggedness of the country.

Forest conditions in T. 23 N., R. 5 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 23 N., R. 5 W.

TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 6 WEST.

This township, situated in the southern part of the reserve, is drained by the South Fork of Skokomish River. It is nearly all mountainous and rugged; it contains much snow, even in summer, and considerable areas of rocky and barren country. Its soil is thin, consisting mainly of clay and gravel. Underbrush is dense along the river and creeks, but sparse upon the mountains. The timber consists of red fir, hemlock, lovely fir, and cedar, all of excellent quality, except high upon the mountains.

The timber on this township can be logged to the South Fork of Skokomish River, although this is a poor logging stream, with low banks. It will probably be necessary to construct a railroad up its valley for the purpose of carrying out the timber.

Forest conditions in T. 23 N., R. 6 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 23 N., R. 6 W.

TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 7 WEST.

The surface of this township is rugged and mountainous. It is drained by Wynooche River. It contains a considerable area of upland pasture, lying at great elevations. The timber consists chiefly of hemlock and lovely fir, three-fourths of which is of poor quality, being stunted and scrubby. Most of the stand of any value is in the valley of Wynooche River.

The soil consists of clay and gravel. The underbrush is dense along the river and creeks, consisting of huckleberry, salal, vine maple, salmonberry, devil cane, alder, yew, and ferns. On the upland the underbrush is light.

The timber in this township will be difficult and expensive to handle, as the river is of no value for driving purposes. The only possible outlet is by building a tramway along the river bank and handling the timber by means of chutes down to the tramway.

DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS.

Forest conditions in T. 23 N., R. 7 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 23 N., R. 7 W.

TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 8 WEST.

The surface of this township is rough and mountainous, most of it lying at great elevations. It is drained mainly by the East and West forks of Humptulips River. The timber consists mainly of hemlock and lovely fir, all of which is of poor quality excepting that along Humptulips River. The soil consists of clay and gravel. The underbrush is dense and is composed of huckleberry, salal, alder, vine maple, salmonberry, devil cane, yew, arrowwood, ferns, and elderberry.

North of the divide a narrow strip of the township consisting of between one and two sections in width, can be logged to Queniult River, while the remainder of the township can be logged down Humptulips River, which, however, is of no value as a driving stream; still, a railroad or tramway could be built into this township from the south.

Forest conditions in T. 23 N., R. 8 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 23 N., R. 8 W.

TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 9 WEST.

This township contains Queniult Lake and a trifling portion of Queniult Indian Reservation, which deducted from it leaves as the land surface of the township 31-1/4 sections, or 20,000 acres. The surface differs greatly in different parts of the township, the southeastern portion being steep and rugged, while the remainder of the township is level or rolling. The timber consists mainly of hemlock, which is found most abundantly on the high divides, and which is of very good quality. There is also some good fir timber in the bottom lands around the lake and river, while a little cedar and spruce are scattered over the township. The soil is a clay loam in the lowlands, and on the uplands clay and gravel. The underbrush is dense.

This township can be logged to Queniult Lake very cheaply, and there are numerous good locations for sawmills along its shores which can be reached by railroad from Grays Harbor to the southward.

Forest conditions in T. 23 N., R. 9 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 23 N., R. 9 W.

TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 10 WEST.

Half of this township is included within the Queniult Indian Reservation and Queniult Lake, the northern half only being within the reserve. There is one small burn in the township, comprised mainly in Section 14, with an area of 320 acres. The surface of the township, with the exception of a strip of bench land near the line of the indian reservation, is rugged and mountainous, rising to a height of 2,700 feet. The timber consists chiefly of hemlock and lovely fir, 60 per cent of which is of good quality. There is a little scattering red fir, cedar, and spruce in the low lands, but it is small and scrubby. The soil is red shot clay in the ridges and clay loam on the bench lands. The underbrush is very dense.

The timber on this township, with the exception of a small tract near its northern boundary, can be logged very cheaply to Queniult Lake.

Forest conditions in T. 23 N., R. 10 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 23 N., R. 10 W.

TOWNSHIP 23 NORTH, RANGE 11 WEST.

Five-sixths of this township is comprised within the Queniult Indian Reservation. The remaining sixth is a triangular strip along the line of the township, being the only portion within the forest reserve. The surface consists mainly of rolling country, with red shot clay soil, and heavily forested. The timber consists of hemlock, lovely fir, and cedar, there being no red fir or spruce reported. The undergrowth is dense, consisting of huckleberry, salal, salmonberry, ferns, alders, vine maples, devil cane, and arrowwood.

The timber on this fractional township can be logged only by railroad to the south or west.

Forest conditions in T. 23 N., R. 11 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 23 N., R. 11 W.

TOWNSHIP 24 NORTH, RANGE 4 WEST.

This township is in the eastern part of the reserve. With the exception of a little over a section along Hamahama River, it is practically all rugged and mountainous. The soil is clay and loam in the bottom lands of the river and gravel on the mountain ranges. The underbrush is dense except on the ridges, and the timber consists of fir and hemlock, with some cedar and a little lovely fir. It is all tributary to Hamahama River, but as this stream is of no value for logging purposes and as there is not sufficient water for driving anything larger than shingle bolts, it will be necessary to build a railroad from Hood Canal up the valley of the river across the township.

Forest conditions in T. 24 N., R. 4 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 24 N., R. 4 W.

TOWNSHIP 24 NORTH, RANGE 5 WEST.

This township, drained by Skokomish River and its North Fork, is very rugged and mountainous, with the exception of the narrow valleys of the streams. The soil is gravelly and rocky. The underbrush is mainly light. The timber consists of red fir, hemlock, cedar, and lovely fir, all of which is of good quality, except in the high mountains.

Most of the timber in this township can be logged to the North Fork of Skokomish River, with the exception of a small area in the eastern part, which is in the drainage basin of Hamahama River. The North Fork of the Skokomish is a poor logging stream, since it flows through a deep canyon with rock walls and has a steep slope.

Forest conditions in T. 24 N., R. 5 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 24 N., R. 5 W.

TOWNSHIP 24 NORTH, RANGE 6 WEST.

This township is mountainous, with the exception of a small tract along Camp Six Stream. The soil is mainly clay and coarse gravel. Underbrush is chiefly light, except in the valleys of the creeks. The timber consists of lovely fir, hemlock, red fir, and cedar. The timber can be logged eastward to the North Fork of Skokomish River.

Forest conditions in T. 24 N., R. 6 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 24 N., R. 6 W.

TOWNSHIP 24 NORTH, RANGE 7 WEST.

The surface of this township is rugged and mountainous. It is drained by Queniult River, flowing from northeast to southwest through it. It contains considerable area of grass land, lying at great elevation, mainly above timber line. The timber is nearly all hemlock and lovely fir, four-fifths of which is of poor quality. There is a small amount of red fir in the immediate valley of Queniult River. The soil is mainly gravel. The underbrush is dense along the rivers and creeks, and is composed of huckleberry, salal, yew, salmonberry, and vine maple.

The timber in this township will be very difficult and expensive to handle, as its surface is extremely rugged. It can be logged to Queniult River, but this is of no value as a driving stream, and it will be necessary to build a railroad into the township.

Forest conditions in T. 24 N., R. 7 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 24 N, R. 7 W.

PLATE VII. A (left), B (right) RANCHES IN QUEETS RIVER VALLEY.

TOWNSHIP 24 NORTH, RANGE 8 WEST.

The surface of this township is rugged and mountainous both in the northwest and southeast, while along Queniult River, which traverses the township from side to side, is a broad, level valley mainly of bench land. The timber on these bench lands consists mainly of fir of excellent quality. It is large and occurs in heavy stands, and scattered among it is a little spruce and cedar. Upon the hills and mountains are hemlock and lovely fir, but they are of poor quality, being stunted and scrubby.

The timber on the bench lands of Queniult River can be logged to that stream, or, since that is a poor driving stream, to a railroad up its valley, which affords an excellent route for such a road. The timber in the mountains will be very difficult and expensive to get out.

Forest conditions in T. 24 N., R. 8 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 24 N, R. 8 W.

TOWNSHIP 24 NORTH, RANGE 9 WEST.

Nearly all this township consists of rugged, mountainous country, much of it lying at considerable altitude above sea, only one-third of its area consisting of grass land above the limit of timber, which is drained in part by the Queniult and in part by streams flowing to Queets River. A small area in the southeast corner, including most of the valley of the Queniult, has been burned. The timber consists mainly of lovely fir and hemlock, which is of good quality on the lowlands, while on the uplands it becomes scrubby and of no value except for firewood. Near the south line of the township there is a small tract of good red fir and spruce. The soil is gravelly. The underbrush is dense along the creeks and river, consisting of huckleberry, salal, vine maple, alder, yew, salmonberry, devil cane, and ferns. In the uplands it is of course light.

On the north of the divide the timber can be logged to Queets River, which is, however, of no value as a logging stream. On the south the timber can be handled to the Queniult, which also is of no value for this purpose; still both of these rivers afford a good route for a railroad, with very easy grades.

Forest conditions in T. 24 N., R. 9 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 24 N., R 9 W.

PLATE VIII. A (left), HOUSE IN SEC. 12, T. 24 N., R. 11 W. B (right) GRANVILLE AT MOUTH OF QUENIULT RIVER.

TOWNSHIP 24 NORTH, RANGE 10 WEST.

This township consists almost entirely of rather steeply rolling lands. It is drained by Queets River and other smaller streams. The timber consists mainly of hemlock and lovely fir, 60 per cent of which is of good quality, the stands being quite heavy on this township. There is a small amount of cedar and a trifling amount of spruce and fir found in the lower valleys. The soil is a red shot clay and gravel and the underbrush is dense.

This township can all he logged westward to Queets River by means of logging railways. built up that stream and its branches.

Forest conditions in T. 24 N, R. 10 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 24 N, R 10 W.

TOWNSHIP 24 NORTH, RANGE 11 WEST.

The surface of this township is rolling in the northern and eastern parts, and level in the southern and western parts, especially along Queets River, which flows diagonally across it from northeast to southwest. Much of the valley of this river has been burned, mainly in sections 10, 15, 16, 17, and 19, the entire burned area amounting to 2,260 acres. The timber consists chiefly of cedar, hemlock, and lovely fir, about half of which are of good quality. There was considerable spruce in the township, but much of it was burned in the fire above referred to. The soil is a clay loam and gravel, and the underbrush is dense.

This township can be logged cheaply to Queets River, which, although of no value as a logging stream, having very low banks and many sand bars, still afford an excellent route for a railroad into the township for logging purposes.

Forest conditions in T. 24 N., R. 11 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 24 N, R. 11 W.

TOWNSHIP 24 NORTH, RANGE 12 WEST.

A strip along the southern portion of this township lies within the Queniult Indian Reservation, leaving an area within the forest reserve of 19,860 acres. The surface is mainly low, and to a great extent marshy, rising, however, in the northern part to rolling, broken hills. It is drained by Queets River, flowing from east to west across the southern portion, and by the Clearwater flowing in from the north. The timber consists chiefly of cedar and hemlock, half of which is of good quality. There is also some spruce, which is of excellent quality, and a little lovely fir. The soil is a clay loam and gravel, and the underbrush is dense.

This township can be logged very cheaply to Queets River, which, however, is of no value as a logging stream, since it has low banks and sand bars. There is an easy route for a railroad along this river, by means of which the township can be easily and cheaply logged.

Forest conditions in T. 24 N, R. 12 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 24 N., R. 12 W.

TOWNSHIP 24 NORTH, RANGE 13 WEST.

This is a fractional township lying on the Pacific coast, a part of it being included in the Queniult Indian Reservation. It comprises altogether only 8,280 acres, or a little more than one-third of a complete township. The surface is rolling in the eastern part, while in the western part, bordering on the coast, it is nearly all level swamp land. All the land is forested, the timber in the eastern part being of excellent quality, While that bordering on the coast is poor and scrubby. It consists mainly of hemlock and cedar, with a little spruce and lovely fir. The soil is a red shot clay on the upland, while in the swamp lands along the coast it is clay loam. The underbrush is dense.

This township can be logged cheaply by means of a railroad built near to and parallel with the coast.

Forest conditions in T. 24 N., R. 13 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 24 N., R. 13 W.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 3 WEST.

This township is mountainous, except some small tracts of bottom land along the Duckabush River. The soil is clay, loam, and gravel. The underbrush is dense except on the ridges. The timber consists mainly of red fir, with some hemlock and cedar, and the fir is of excellent quality.

This township will be very difficult to log because of the ruggedness of the country. In the southern part it can be logged southward into Hamahama River, while the eastern part of the township can be logged down Fulton Creek by tramway or skid road. The northern part can be logged into Duckabush River.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N., R. 3 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 25 N, R. 3 W.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 4 WEST.

This township, which is traversed by Duckabush River from west to east, is mountainous and rugged, with the exception of about 1,000 acres of bottom land along the river. The soil on the upland is clay and coarse gravel, with clay and loam on the bottom land. The underbrush is dense on the bottom land, becoming sparser on the ridges. The timber consists of red and lovely fir and hemlock, with a little cedar.

The timber in this township is mainly in the northern part, and can be logged into Duckabush River, and the little which stands in the southern part of the township can be taken to Hamahama River.

PLATE IX. RANCH NEAR HEAD OF QUENIULT LAKE.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N, R. 4 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 25 N, R. 4 W.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 5 WEST.

This township is drained mainly by Duckabush River, which flows across it from west to east. Its surface is mainly mountainous and very rugged. Its soil is clay and gravel, and the underbrush is light. The timber consists chiefly of hemlock and lovely and red fir, with a little cedar.

The timber in this township is principally in the northern part, and can be logged to Duckabush River. This stream, however, is of no value for driving purposes, and it will be necessary to build a tram road up its valley to get the timber out.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N., R. 5 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 25 N, R. 5 W.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 6 WEST.

This township consists entirely of rocky and mountainous country, through which flows Queniult River from northeast to southwest in a narrow valley or canyon. Nearly half its area consists of open grass lands at great elevations. The timber consists almost entirely of lovely fir and hemlock of poor quality, the stands being almost entirely in the river valley. The soil is mainly gravel and rock. The underbrush is dense along the river, while that on the upland is light. It consists of huckleberry, salal, yew, vine maple, alder, and ferns.

The timber on this township can be logged to Queniult River, which, however, is of no value as a driving stream, as it has low banks and many sand bars; still, tramways can be built along the river bank and the timber can be handled by means of chutes and skid roads.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N., R. 6 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 25 N., R. 6 W.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 7 WEST.

The surface of this township is rugged and mountainous, and a large proportion of it lies above timber line and consists of open grass land. The timber is composed chiefly of hemlock and lovely fir, which, except along the streams, where it is of good quality, is small and scrubby. The soil is mainly coarse gravel, and the underbrush is dense, especially along the rivers.

It will be very expensive to get the timber out of this township, owing to the ruggedness of its surface. The only means by which it can be done is by tramways built along the streams and by the use of chutes to bring the timber down from the mountain sides.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N., R. 7 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 25 N., R. 7 W.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 8 WEST.

The surface of this township is very rugged and mountainous, much of it being at a considerable altitude. One-third of the township is at such an elevation as to be practically destitute of timber, and consists of upland pastures. The timber consists almost entirely of lovely fir and hemlock, with a little cedar along the streams. On Queets River, in the northwest corner, and the North Fork of Queniult, in the southeast, the timber is of good quality, but upon the mountain slopes it is small and stunted. The soil is thin and stony. The underbrush is dense along the creeks, but scanty on the mountain sides.

With the exception of a small tract of timber in the northwest corner, which can be taken to Queets River, this township can be logged to the North Fork of Queniult River. This, however, is of no value for driving purposes, but tramways can be built up its valley for the purpose of getting out the timber.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N., R. 8 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 25 N., R. 8 W.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 9 WEST.

A large part of this township, especially all the southern half, is rugged and mountainous, with a considerable area of elevated grass land. Across the northern part flows Queets River, from east to west, carrying with it a broad belt of level bottom land averaging a mile in width. The timber consists mostly of hemlock and lovely fir, especially upon the mountainous portion of the township. In the bottom land of Queets River there is some red fir, cedar, and spruce, all of good quality. The soil is a clay loam, and the underbrush is dense.

This township can be logged to Queets River, although this is not a good logging stream, having low banks and not sufficient water for driving purposes. A railroad can, however, be built cheaply along its course.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N., R. 9 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 25 N., R. 9 W.

PLATE X. A (left), B (right). FIR, SPRUCE, AND HEMLOCK IN QUEETS RIVER BOTTOM.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 10 WEST.

The surface of this township is steep and somewhat rugged, with the exception of a tract of bottom and bench land along Queets River a little more than a mile in width, stretching across the southern part of the township. The timber along the northern part of the township is nearly all hemlock and lovely fir, three-fourths of which is of good quality and in very heavy stands. In the southern part, in the bottom and bench lands of Queets River. there are some good stands of red fir, spruce, and cedar, all of excellent quality. The soil consists of clay and loam, and the underbrush is very dense.

The northern part of this township can be logged to Clearwater River, which flows across its northern edge from east to west. This stream is, however, of no value for driving purposes, and the timber will be quite expensive to handle. The southern part of the township can be logged cheaply to Queets River by building a railroad up its valley, which can be done at little expense.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N., R. 10 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 25 N., R. 10 W.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 11 WEST.

The surface of this township is rolling, with a rather steep westward slope. It is drained by branches of Clearwater River. The entire surface is forested, the timber consisting chiefly of hemlock and lovely fir, with a little cedar and spruce. About four-fifths of the timber is of good quality, with large and heavy stands, especially along the streams. The soil is red shot clay in the valleys, grading to gravel in the uplands. The underbrush is dense everywhere.

With the exception of a small tract in the southeast corner, which can be logged to Queets River, the lumber can all be taken down the branches of Clearwater. Although none of these are good logging streams, still their valleys afford excellent routes for tramways, which can be built cheaply into the township.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N., R. 11 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 25 N., R. 11 W.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 12 WEST.

The surface of this township is nearly all open and mountainous, with the exception of the valley of Clearwater River, which flows from east to west across the southern part of the township with a belt of bottom land nearly a mile in width. The timber consists mostly of hemlock and lovely fir, of good quality. This is found only on the high ridges, while on the lowlands it becomes small and poor. There are some good stands of spruce, of excellent quality, and a little poor, scattering cedar. The soil is red shot clay on the upland, with clay and loam on the bottom lands. The underbrush is dense.

The entire area of this township can be logged to Clearwater River, which, however, is of no value as a logging stream, though a railroad can be built up its valley at little expense.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N., R. 12 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 25 N., R. 12 W.

TOWNSHIP 25 NORTH, RANGE 13 WEST.

This fractional township lies on the Pacific coast, and comprises approximately 15,120 acres, all of which is timbered. The surface is somewhat rolling and broken in the eastern part, becoming more nearly level toward the coast. Near the latter are areas of marshy land. Along the coast the timber is small and scrubby and of poor quality, but improves in quality inland. It consists almost entirely of cedar and hemlock, 40 per cent of which, taken as a whole, is of good quality. The soil is red shot clay, and the underbrush is dense.

This township can be logged to the south and west by building a railroad into it, either from the Strait of Juan de Fuca or from Grays Harbor. There being no harbor in this neighborhood. It can not be logged directly to the coast.

Forest conditions in T. 25 N., R. 13 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T 25 N., R. 13 W.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 3 WEST.

This township is drained mainly by Dusewallips River, which flows across it from east to west. Its surface, with the exception of small areas of bottom land along the river, is mountainous and rugged. The soil is very stony and gravelly. Underbrush is sparse. The timber consists of red fir and hemlock, with a little lovely fir and a trifling amount of cedar. It is all of good quality, except on the high divides, where it is small and stunted.

The timber in this township, with the exception of a few sections along the north line, which can be logged to Quilcene River, will go to Dusewallips River. This, however, is a poor logging stream, and it will be necessary to build a railroad or tramways along the river to get the lumber out.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 3 W.

Statistics of forest trees its T. 26 N., R. 3 W.

PLATE XI. A (left), FIR 43 FEET IN CIRCUMFERENCE. B (right), SECOND GROWTH OF FIR.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 4 WEST.

This township is drained almost entirely by Dusewallips River, which flows across it from the northwest to the southeast. Its surface is mountainous and rugged, its soil clay and gravel, and the underbrush is sparse. The timber consists of hemlock and lovely and red fir, with a little cedar, all of good quality excepting on the high ridges, where the timber becomes small and stunted.

The timber can nearly all be logged to Dusewallips River, but as this is a poor logging stream it will be necessary to build a railroad or tramways up its valley; and moreover, owing to the steepness of the slopes, it will be necessary to bring the timber down in flumes from the ridges.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 4 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 26 N., R. 4 W.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 5 WEST.

This township contains the high divide at the heads of branches of Dusewallips, Elwha, and Queniult rivers, and is mountainous and rugged, with very little soil and light underbrush. It contains but little timber, consisting mainly of lovely and red fir and hemlock. The timber can be logged down the branches of Dusewallips, Queniult, and Elwha rivers, but as these streams are very rapid the timber will have to be handled by chutes and flumes.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 5 W.

Statistics of forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 5 W.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 6 WEST.

This township is drained almost entirely by Elwha River, and its surface is mountainous and rugged, with the exception of the narrow valley of the river. The soil is very thin and stony. The underbrush is light. The timber consists chiefly of hemlock and lovely and red fir, and is of poor quality, excepting in the narrow valley of the Elwha.

The timber can be logged mainly to Elwha River, although this is of no value as a logging stream, as it has low banks and not sufficient water for driving. Still, along its banks tramways or logging roads can be built.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 6 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 26 N., R. 6 W.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 7 WEST.

This township, which is drained mainly by Elwha River, is rugged and mountainous, with the exception of a narrow strip of valley land along the Elwha. The soil is a clay in the Elwha Valley, but the uplands are rocky and gravelly. The underbrush is very dense except in the higher country, where it becomes sparse. The timber consists of red fir, hemlock, and lovely fir. The fir, which occurs chiefly in the river valley, is of good quality. Elsewhere the timber is poor.

Nearly all of the valuable timber in this township is in the immediate valley of Elwha River, and as this stream is not drivable it will be necessary to build a railroad or tramway up the valley in order to reach it.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 7 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 26 N., R. 7 W.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 8 WEST.

This township has an extremely rugged and mountainous surface, and is drained mainly into Queets River. Nearly all of its area consists of open grass land lying at considerable elevation above sea, mainly above timber line, only about one-sixth of its area being timbered. The timber consists of cedar, lovely fir, and hemlock, all of alpine character, and of little value except for fuel.

The soil consists of rocks and gravel. The underbrush is dense along the river, but light upon the uplands. It consists of huckleberry, salmonberry, salal, yew, alder, vine maple, devil cane, and ferns.

All the timber of any value in this township stands along Queets River, and will be very expensive to handle, as the river is of no value for driving purposes.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 8 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 26 N., R. 8 W.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 9 WEST.

The surface of this township is, in the main, very steep, rugged, and mountainous. The timber consists mostly of lovely fir and hemlock, which is stunted and of little value, with the exception of that in the western part of the township, where it is of good quality.

The soil consists of plain gravel on the South Fork of Hoh River. The upland consists largely of bare rocks, with coarse gravel. The underbrush is dense along the river and creeks and light on the uplands. It consists Of huckleberry, salmonberry, alder, salal, vine maple, yew, devil cane, and ferns.

On the north side of the divide the timber can be logged to the South Fork of Hoh River. This, however, is of no value as a logging stream, but affords a good route for a logging railway. South of the divide the timber can be logged to Queets River, which is also a poor logging stream. A small portion of the timber on the west side can be logged down branches of Clearwater River.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 9 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 26 N., 9 W.

PLATE XII. A (left), FIR AND SPRUCE. B (right), SMALL GROWTH IN MIXED FOREST.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 10 WEST.

This township consists of rugged, mountainous country, drained on the north to Hoh River and on the south to the Clearwater. The timber consists chiefly of hemlock and lovely fir, four-fifths of which is of good quality, with very heavy stands. Red fir, cedar, and spruce are scattered over the township.

The soil consists of red shot clay, which becomes stony along the creeks. The underbrush consists of dense huckleberry, alder, vine maple, salmonberry, yew, arrowwood, and ferns.

The northern part of this township can be logged to Hoh River, which, however, is of no value as a logging stream, owing to the fact that its banks are low and its course interrupted by sand bars. On the south the timber can be taken to the Clearwater, which is also of no value; still each of these rivers affords excellent routes for logging railroads.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 10 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 26 N., R. 10 W.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 11 WEST.

The surface of this township is steep, rugged, and broken, with the exception of a strip of gently sloping-land along the north line. It is drained by Hoh River and small streams flowing directly into the Pacific. The timber consists mainly of hemlock and lovely fir, three-fourths of which is of good quality, the stand being very heavy along the dividing ridges. There are also scattering firs, cedars, and spruces, mostly of good quality.

The soil consists of red shot clay, which becomes gravelly along the streams. The underbrush consists of dense salal, vine maple, salmonberry, devil cane, huckleberry, yew, arrowwood, and ferns.

North of the divide this township can be logged to Hoh River, south of it to Clearwater. The latter, however, is of no value as a logging stream, but its valley affords an excellent route for a railroad, which can be built into the township from the south.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 11 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 26 N., R 11 W.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 12 WEST.

The eastern part of this township is mountainous and rugged; the western is gently sloping and rolling, with many cedar swamps. The soil is clay and loam along the river and in the swamps, while the upland has a red clay, gravelly soil. The underbrush is dense, except on the uplands, where it becomes sparse. The timber is mainly hemlock, with some cedar, lovely fir, and a little spruce. There is no red fir in the township. Hemlock, spruce, and lovely fir are of good quality, but the cedar is poor.

Most of the timber in this township can be logged to Hoh River, which is a good logging stream at all seasons. The western part of the township can be logged cheaply; the eastern part will be quite expensive to handle on account of the ruggedness of the surface.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 12 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 26 N., R. 12 W.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 13 WEST.

This township lies along the Pacific Ocean, the coast line traversing in part the western tier of sections. It is mainly in the drainage basin of Hoh River. The surface is steeply rolling on the north, with level bottom land all along Hoh River. The southern part of the township, like the northern part, is rolling. The soil is clay and sandy loam. The underbrush is dense. The timber consists of hemlock and cedar with some spruce and a little lovely fir. The spruce stands heavily along Hoh River and is very large. The lovely fir is of good quality, while the cedar and hemlock are poor.

With the exception of a few sections on the north of the township the timber can be logged to Hoh River, which is a good driving stream. Logging will be very cheap, excepting in the northern part of the township. As there is no harbor at the mouth of the river it will be necessary to saw the lumber at or near the coast and take it out by railroad.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 13 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 26 N., R. 13 W.

TOWNSHIP 26 NORTH, RANGE 14 WEST.

This is a fractional township lying on the Pacific Ocean. comprising only about four sections. Its surface is steeply rolling, with a rocky bluff along the coast. The soil is red clay. The underbrush is dense. The timber consists of hemlock, cedar, and spruce. The last is of good quality, but the other species are of little value.

Forest conditions in T. 26 N., R. 14 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 26 N., R. 14 W.

PLATE XIII. A (left), HEMLOCK. B (right), HEMLOCK AND LOVELY FIR.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 3 WEST.

This township is composed entirely of mountainous and rugged country. Quilcene River, which traverses it, has a narrow valley. The soil is very stony. The underbrush is dense along the streams, but light along the ridges. The timber consists of hemlock and red fir, with a little lovely fir. It is of good quality. excepting on the high divides, where it becomes small and knotty. Along Quilcene River red fir is very heavy.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N., R. 3 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 3 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 4 WEST.

The surface of this township is rugged and mountainous. It is drained mainly toward the northeast by Dungeness River. The southwest corner is drained by Dusewallips River. The soil is chiefly a clay derived from the underlying slates. The underbrush is dense along the rivers and light on the ridges. The timber, which is very light, consists of lovely fir and hemlock of little value.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N., R. 4 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 4 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 5 WEST.

This township is mountainous throughout. It has little soil, and what little there is is very stony. The underbrush is light. It contains little timber, consisting of lovely fir and hemlock of poor quality.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N., R. 5 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 5 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 6 WEST.

With the exception of a narrow strip of bench land along Elwha River, the surface of this township is mountainous. The soil is clay and gravel. The underbrush is dense in the Elwha Valley, but light upon the ridges. The timber consists of red and lovely fir and hemlock. The red fir is of good quality, but the other species are of little value. The timber in this township can be logged most economically to Elwha River, although this is a poor logging stream, and it will be necessary to build a railroad or tramway up its valley.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N., R. 6 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 6 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 7 WEST.

This township is mountainous throughout, with very thin, scanty soil and light underbrush. The timber, which is scanty, consists mainly of lovely fir and hemlock, with a little red fir, all of poor quality.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N., R. 7 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 7 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 8 WEST.

This township is drained mainly by Hoh River toward the north. Its surface is mountainous and rugged, with the exception of the valley of Hoh River. The mountainous country contains much snow and many glaciers. The soil is clay and in the upper country rocky. Underbrush is dense along the river, but sparser on the upland. The timber is mainly hemlock, lovely fir, and red fir, all of poor quality. being small and scrubby.

The timber in this township can be logged to Hoh River, although this is of no value as a logging stream, being very rapid with many deep canyons. Flumes can however, be built for its transportation.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N., R. 8 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 8 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 9 WEST.

This township consists almost entirely of mountainous, rugged country. The north half drains to Hoh River, which flows across its northern edge in a narrow valley. The south half is drained by tributaries of the South Fork of Hoh River. Nearly three-fourths of the township lies above timber line and is open and grassy.

The timber consists mainly of hemlock and lovely fir, 40 per cent of which is of good quality. The remainder is small and stunted. There is along Hoh River a little good red fir and cedar.

The soil consists of clay and gravel. The underbrush is dense along Hoh River, consisting of huckleberry, salal, salmonberry, vine maple, and alder.

The timber, which lies almost entirely upon the portion sloping to Hoh River, can all be logged to that stream, which is, however, of no value as a logging stream, on account of its low banks and many sand bars; still along its bank there is an easy grade for a railroad, which can be cheaply built.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N., R. 9 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 9 W.

PLATE XIV. A (left), SPRUCE AND HEMLOCK GROWING FROM ONE STUMP. B (right), LOVELY FIR.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 10 WEST.

This township ts drained mainly by Hoh River. Its surface is steep and mountainous, with the exception of a tract of bench land at the forks of Hoh River. The soil is clay and gravel, and the underbrush is dense. The timber consists mainly of hemlock, red fir, and lovely fir, with a little spruce and a trifling amount of cedar. The fir and spruce are of excellent quality. The hemlock and lovely fir are of little value, being very scrubby, especially on the divides.

The timber in this township, with the exception of a small tract along the north line, can be logged to Hoh River, which here is a poor logging stream with low banks and many sand bars. A railroad can, however, be extended up Hoh River with easy grades and thus serve as an outlet.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N, R. 10 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 10 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 11 WEST.

This township slopes on the north to the valley of the Bogachiel and on the south to that of Hoh River. Its surface is steeply rolling and broken, with some bottom land along Hoh River. The soil is clay, gravel, and loam. The underbrush is dense. The timber, consisting of hemlock, lovely fir, and red fir, with a little cedar and spruce, is of excellent quality, excepting the cedar, which is small. That on the southern part of the township can be logged to Hoh River, a good driving stream. The northern part should go to the valley of the Bogachiel. This stream is of no value for driving, and the lumber will have to be taken out by rail.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N., R. 11 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 11 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 12 WEST.

The northern part of this township is drained by Bogachiel River and the southern part by Hoh River. The surface is steeply rolling, with bottom land along the rivers. The soil is clay and loam, and the underbrush is dense. The timber, all of good quality, consists chiefly of hemlock, cedar, and lovely fir, with a little spruce and red fir intermixed. The fir and spruce in the immediate valleys of the rivers are exceptionally large and fine.

The timber in the southern part of this township can be logged to Hoh River, which is a good driving stream. That in the northern part can be logged to the valley of the Bogachiel, but will have to be taken out by rail, as the stream is not drivable.

Forest conditions in. T. 27 N., R. 12 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 12 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 13 WEST.

The surface of this township is rolling and broken, comprising an alternation of steep ridges and deep valleys. The soil is loam and clay. The underbrush is dense. The timber consists of hemlock, cedar, and lovely fir, with a little spruce. The cedar is of poor quality. The other species are excellent.

With the exception of a small area in the northeast corner, which can be logged into Bogachiel River, the timber on this township should be logged westward down the valleys of the creeks toward the coast, but as there is no harbor on this coast it will be necessary to build a railroad from some inland point to carry out the timber or the sawed lumber.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N, R. 13 W.

Statisics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 13 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 14 WEST.

This township lies in the western part of the reserve, on the Pacific coast, and comprises the equivalent of 24-1/2 sections. Its surface is rolling and broken, with a bluff, rocky coast. Its soil is clay and loam. The underbrush is dense. The timber is chiefly hemlock, with some spruce and cedar. The spruce is large and excellent, but the other species are second class. Owing to the rocky character of the coast and the absence of any harbor, it will be necessary to ship this timber by railroad from some point in the interior.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N., R. 14 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 14 W.

TOWNSHIP 27 NORTH, RANGE 15 WEST.

This is a fractional township, lying on the north Pacific coast, comprising less than a square mile.

Forest conditions in T. 27 N., R. 15 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 27 N., R. 15 W.

TOWNSHIP 28 NORTH, RANGE 3 WEST.

This township is situated on the eastern border of the reserve. It is drained in part by Dungeness River and in part by the Little Quilcene. Its surface is mountainous and rugged. The soil is clayey and sandy, being derived from underlying slates and sandstones. The underbrush is scanty. This township is well timbered with a good quality of fir, hemlock, and lovely fir, with a little cedar. The timber from the eastern part of it can be logged to Quilcene River by means of skid roads; that from the western part to Dungeness River in a similar manner.

Forest conditions in T. 28 N., R. 3 W.

Statistics of forest trees in T. 28 N., R. 3 W.

PLATE XV. A (top), FOREST ON RANGE ABOVE HEAD OF WEST FORK OF SATSOP RIVER. B (bottom), LOVELY FIR 5 FEET IN DIAMETER.

TOWNSHIP 28 NORTH, RANGE 4 WEST.

This township is situated in the eastern part of the reserve and is drained by Dungeness River. The surface of the township is mountainous and rugged. The soil is clay and sand, being derived from underlying slates and sandstones. The undebrush is scanty. The township is sparsely timbered with hemlock and lovely fir. The timber in the township can be logged to Dungeness River by means of skid roads.

Forest conditions in T. 28 N., R. 4 W.