Grand Teton Historic Resource Study

1. Billington, Westward Expansion, pp. 457-466.

2. Merk, History of the Western Movement, p. 464.

3. Billington, Westward Expansion, pp. 582-590; and Merk, History of the Western Movement, pp. 457-466.

4. Billington, Westward Expansion, p. 590.

5. Ibid; and Larson, History of Wyoming, pp. 163-194.

6. Billington, Westward Expansion, pp. 596-597; and Merk, History of the Western Movement, p. 463.

7. Larson, History of Wyoming, pp. 190-192.

8. Merk, History of the Western Movement, pp. 464-466.

9. Ibid., p. 461.

10. Hayden, From Trapper to Tourist in Jackson Hole, p. 54.

11. Larson, History of Wyoming, p. 193; and Merk, History of the Western Movement, p. 464.

12. Gillette, Homesteading with the Elk, pp. 135-141; and Jackson's Hole Courier, November 8, 1945.

13. Homestead Patents, Homestead Certificate 529, Lander, Fred Lovejoy, 1904.

14. Homestead Patents: 36433, J.P. Cunningham, 1908; Homestead Cert. 1181, Evanston, J.P. Cunningham, 1904. Estimates of hay consumption by cattle were corrected, based on information provided by Virginia Huidekoper, Earl Hardeman, and Jack Huyler.

15. Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 116.

16. Allan, "History of the Teton National Forest," pp. 125, 154; Jackson's Hole Courier, February 17, 1949; and Larson, History of Wyoming, pp. 268-284.

17. Elizabeth Wied Hayden Collection, Subject File #5, Cattle, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum.

18. Ibid.

19. Ibid., Allan, "History of Teton National Forest," p. 158.

20. "Jackson Hole, Wyoming Cattle Brands," File B, Brands, acc. no. 481, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum; Jackson's Hole Courier, October 18, 1917, and February 7, 1918.

21. John Markham, "Cattle Drives," unpublished manuscript (Ms 167G), Wyoming State Archives Museums and Historical Department; Driggs, History of Teton Valley, p. 184; Allen, Early Jackson Hole, pp. 117-154; and Jackson's Hole Courier, October 11, 1917.

22. Allan, "History of Teton National Forest," p. 158; "Calves Prices," File MM, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum; and Jackson's Hole Courier, November 1, 1917, October 28, 1920, and August 25, 1921.

23. "Calves Prices," File MM, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum; Jackson's Hole Courier, May 22, 1924, and January 27, 1927; and Allan, "History of Teton National Forest," p. 158.

24. "Calves Prices," File MM, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum; and Struthers Burt to Horace Albright, October 14, 1927, Horace Albright Papers, 1923-1927, Yellowstone National Park Archives.

25. Jackson's Hole Courier, August 16, 1928, and October 11, 1928.

26. "Calves Prices," File MM, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum.

27. "Hearings on H.R. 2241," 1943, 383.

28. "Calves Prices," File MM, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum.

29. Larson, History of Wyoming, p. 167; Hayden Collection, Subject File #5, Ranching Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum; and Office of the Teton County Clerk and Recorder, Deed Record Book 2, p. 15, Charles and Helena Davis to Gerrit Hardeman, Warranty Deed, April 16, 1919.

30. Larson, History of Wyoming, pp. 168-171; and Hayden Collection, Subject File #5, Ranching, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum.

31. Jackson's Hole Courier, May 21, 1914, May 28, 1914, June 11, 1914, and July 9, 1914. The actual level of predation by wolves is a sore subject, particularly between livestock interests and environmental groups. While reports of mortality may well have been exaggerated or mistaken for predation, they should not be discounted out of hand either. It is doubtful that ranchers would have put up so much bounty money had they not experienced losses.

32. Hayden Collection, Subject File #5, Cattle, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum; Jackson's Hole Courier, March 19, 1925.

33. Larson, History of Wyoming, pp. 369-372.

34. Ibid; and Hayden Collection, Subject File #5, Sheep, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum.

35. Allan, "History of Teton National Forest," pp. 125-131.

36. Larson, History of Wyoming, pp. 371-372; and interview with Don and Gladys Kent by Jo Anne Byrd, #18, in "Last of Old West Series."

37. Jackson's Hole Courier, June 7, 1923; Homestead Patents: 1038450, Lewis Fleming, 1929; interview with Don and Gladys Kent, #18; and Superintendent's Monthly Report, September 1929, Grand Teton National Park.

38. Jackson's Hole Courier, June 7, 1923; and interview with Don and Gladys Kent, #18.

39. Rockefeller Archive Center, Harold P. Fabian Papers, 1V3A7, Box 6, File 35, Richard Winger to Josephine Cunningham, April 24, 1932.

40. Hayden Collection, Subject File #5, Cattle Ranching, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum.

41. Nellie Van Derveer, "Teton County-Agriculture and Industry," WPA File 1327, Wyoming State Archives; interview with Phylis Brown by Jo Anne Byrd, #4, "Last of Old West Series;" and Jackson Hole Platbook, Snake River Land Company, Harold and Josephine Fabian Collection, Grand Teton National Park.

42. Jackson's Hole Courier, January 4, 1934; Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 3, 189, Jude Allen to Elk Ranch Company, Warranty Deed, December 18, 1917; Deed Record Book 3, p. 137, John S. Shive to D. E. Skinner, Warranty Deed, March 26, 1919; Deed Record Book 3, 446, p. Otto Kusche to D. E. Skinner, Warranty Deed, September 1, 1916; John Markham, "The Hatchet and Elk Ranches" (ms. 167F, H70-135/4), Wyoming State Archives; and Deed Record Book 2, 124, Frank S. Coffin to J. D. Ferrin, Warranty Deed, December 4, 1915.

43. Homestead Patent 323588, J. D. Ferrin, 1912; Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 1, p. 302, W. A. Thompson to J. D. Ferrin, Warranty Deed, July 17, 1911; Deed Record Book 3, p. 212, Joseph Heniger to J. D. Ferrun, Warranty Deed, January 3, 1914; Deed Record Book 2, p. 218, J. D. Uhl to J. D. Ferrin, Warranty Deed, April 26, 1918; Deed Record Book 2, p. 409, James and Opal McInelly to J. D. Ferrin, Warranty Deed, October 13, 1927; Deed Record Book 2, p. 293, D. E. Skinner to Leonard J. Ray, and Robert L. Ferrin, Warranty Deed, December 9, 1920; and Jackson's Hole Courier, September 3, 1914.

44. Interview with Ada Clark by Jo Anne Byrd, #8, "Last of Old West Series;" Jackson's Hole Courier, April 13, 1944; and Homestead Patents: 895259, Heirs of Curtis Ferrin, 1922; 958787, Leonard Ferrin, 1924; and 1028708, Cyrus Ray Ferrin, 1928.

45. Teton County Records, Index Book, T. 44 N., R. 114 W., 6th PM.; interview with Ada Clark, #8. According to Ada Clark, her father and family owned as many as 5,000 cattle at one point.

46. Teton County Records; Fabian Papers, RAC, Box 21, Files 217, 218, 220, 221, all Ferrin parcels; Deed Record Book 2, p. 461, J. D. and Edith Ferrin to the Snake River Land Company, Warranty Deed, March 22, 1928.

47. Jackson's Hole Courier, April 13, 1944; Jackson Hole Guide, December 2, 1965; Markham, "The Hatchet and Elk Ranches," Wyoming State Archives; Merritt Ferrin, "The Elk Ranch," transcript, acc. #1455, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum; and interview with Ada Clark, #8.

48. Orin and Lorraine Bonney, "Shoot-out at the Cowboy Bar," Teton 14 (1981):12-13.

49. Jackson's Hole Courier, October 9, 1919.

50. Jackson's Hole Courier, April 16, 1914, and May 13, 1920.

51. Jackson Hole Platbook, Fabian Collection, Grand Teton National Park; Jackson's Hole Courier, August 1, 1929; Fabian Papers, RAC, Box 18, File 179, J. P. Ranch 1928-1930; Box 19, Files 180-181, J. P. Ranch 1930-1936; and Jackson's Hole Courier, October 27, 1927.

52. Homestead Patents: 710289, Charles Davis, 1918; and 1037836, Gerrit Hardeman, 1929; Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 2, p. 15, Charles and Helen Davis to Gerrit Hardeman, Warranty Deed, April 16, 1919; Deed Record Book 7, p. 275, Luther and L. M. Taylor to Gerrit and Alta L. Hardeman, Warranty Deed, April 26, 1943; interview with Lamar Crandall Hardeman by Jo Anne Byrd, #15, "Last of Old West Series;" Jackson's Hole Courier, June 26, 1924; and Jackson Hole News, December 21, 1972, and September 22, 1977.

53. Jackson's Hole Courier, August 23, 1951; and Jackson Hole Guide, November 1, 1973.

54. Jackson Hole Guide, July 10, 1986.

55. Jackson's Hole Courier, December 12, 1948; Superintendent's Monthly Report, June 1958, Grand Teton National Park, Box 743799, Federal Records Center, Denver, CO; Ethel Jump interview, transcript, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum; Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 41, and Natural Resources Management Plan, Grand Teton National Park, pp. 131-133.