Lincoln Boyhood Historic Resource Study

NOTES

1 Marla McEnaney, A Noble Avenue: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial Cultural Landscape Report (Omaha, Nebr.: Midwest Regional Office, National Park Service, 2001), 17.

2 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 20.

3 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 12.

4 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 21-22, 58.

5 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 22-23, 57.

6 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 30-32, 56.

7 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 35.

8 "Map of Original Land Entries," Lincoln State Park and Nancy Hanks Lincoln State Memorial (Lincoln City, Ind.: n.d.); Louis A. Warren, Lincoln's Youth: Indiana Years, 1816-1830 (Indianapolis, Ind.: Indiana Historical Society, 1991), 42, 44-46, 81, 97-101; Edwin C. Bearss, Lincoln Boyhood as a Living Historical Farm (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1967), 27-28; History of Warrick, Spencer and Perry Counties, Indiana (Chicago, Ill.: Goodspeed Brothers & Co., 1885), 426.

9 Bearss, Lincoln Boyhood, 143.

10 Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 22-23; James H. Madison, The Indiana Way: A State History (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1990), 64; Bearss, Lincoln Boyhood, 145; Emanuel Hertz, The Hidden Lincoln: From the Letters and Papers of William H. Herndon (New York: Viking Press, 1938), 279.

11 Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 41-42, 97; D. J. Lake & Co., An Illustrated Historical Atlas of Spencer County, Indiana (Philadelphia, Pa.: D. J. Lake & Co., 1879), 10; Andrew R. L. Cayton, Frontier Indiana (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1996), 184.

12 Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 52-55; Hertz, Hidden Lincoln, 279.

13 Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 62-65, 71, 232; Hertz, Hidden Lincoln, 353.

14 Bearss, Lincoln Boyhood, 1-2, 33, 39; Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 141, 159, 232.

15 History of . . . Spencer County, 365-366; Bearss, Lincoln Boyhood, n.p; Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 176, 187-188.

16 Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 139, 143-145, 149, 168.

17 Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 150, 174-175, 187, 193; Madison, Indiana Way, 77; Hertz, Hidden Lincoln, 356.

18 Bearss, Lincoln Boyhood, 148-153; Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 203.

19 Hertz, Hidden Lincoln, 357.

20 Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 204-206; Bearss, Lincoln Boyhood, 33.

21 Bearss, Lincoln Boyhood, 33-35; Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial, 30.

22 History of . . . Spencer County, 365.

23 Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial, 1818-1968 (n.p., 1968), 34-35.

24 O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 5.

25 Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial, 29; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . . ", 10.

26 Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial, 29; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 11; York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground: An Expression of Sentiment and Reason — Historic Grounds Report, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (n.p.: National Park Service, 1984), 2. Nancy Lincoln and Nancy Brooner were buried side by side. In 1874, the Brooner family was among those who helped locate the graves of Nancy Lincoln and Nancy Brooner. However, the family members could not remember which grave lay to the north and which to the south. Therefore, the ornamental iron fence enclosed both graves.

27 William J. Murtagh, Keeping Time: The History and Theory of Preservation in America (New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.:1993), 28.

28 Wright, Building the Dream, 76.

29 Warren, Lincoln's Youth, 54.

30 Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial, 29; Marla McEnaney, A Noble Avenue: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial Cultural Landscape Report (Omaha, Nebr.: Midwest Regional Office, National Park Service, 2001), 2; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 13; York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground, 3.

31 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 8-9; Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial, 29-30; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 14-15.

32 Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial, 29-30; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 6, 17. Abraham Lincoln continued to correspond with friends from Indiana and mentioned wanting to see his family home in 1844 and 1860. It is therefore presumed that the cabin remained standing as late as 1860. By 1874, all the Lincoln farm buildings had been removed, including the cabin where citizens had their pictures taken after Lincoln's death in 1865. Around the same time, William Herndon argued that this latter cabin was not actually associated with the Lincolns, but he was overruled by popular sentiment. The cabin depicted in tourists' photographs continued to be accepted as the actual dwelling once occupied by the Lincolns.

33 Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial, 31; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 17.

34 Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial, 31; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 18, 20, 29; York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground, 1, 4.

35 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 10; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 20.

36 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 10; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 21; York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground, 7-11.

37 Michael Wallace, "Visiting the Past," in Presenting the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig (Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Press, 1986), 158.

38 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 11-12.

39 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 12; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 22.

40 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 12, 22.

41 O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 34, 36, 41; York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground, 14, 17-18.

42 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 37; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 40-41.

43 William E. Bartelt, "The Cabin Site Memorial and Its Architect," Prepared for the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial—Research Proposal #112 (Unpublished, 1991): 6; National Park Service, "Park History Cabin Site — Correspondence on Bronze Logs and Hearthstone Memorial."

44 National Park Service file, "Park History Cabin Site — Correspondence on Bronze Logs and Hearthstone Memorial," on file at the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial.

45 Bartelt, "The Cabin Site Memorial and Its Architect," 8.

46 David Lowenthal, The Past is a Foreign Country (Great Britain: Cambridge University Press, 1985): 274.

47 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 29-30; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 55-58; York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground, 18.

48 O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 59-61, 63, 66-68, 79-80; "Sculptural Panels on Lincoln's Life Completed— Part of Hoosier Memorial," Outdoor Indiana (n.d.), 16; York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground, 31, 33. The five panels depict periods in Lincoln's life, beginning with the Lincoln family in Kentucky, listening to tales of the attractions of Indiana from a traveler; a vignette of the fourteen years spent in Indiana, featuring Lincoln's participation in the construction of a log cabin; an illustration of Lincoln's years in Illinois and his election to Congress; a depiction of his years in Washington as President and his visits with Ulysses Grant on a battlefield; and an apotheosis representing the spirit of Lincoln and his influence on future generations.

49 "Commemorative Building Cornerstone Laid During Impressive Ceremonies," Outdoor Indiana (n.d.), 13.

50 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 34.

51 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 4; O'Bright, "There I Grew Up. . .", 139, 143, 146.

52 Wallace, "Visiting the Past," 155.

53 McEnaney, A Noble Avenue, 35; Bartelt, "The Cabin Site Memorial and Its Architect," 9. The 1970 Interpretive Prospectus stated that the Cabin Site Memorial surrounded by a retaining wall was a definite intrusion on the Living Historical Farm as the park's development moved from the formal memorial to a more educational use. This report recommended that the retaining wall be removed to minimize the cabin site's "intrusion." This aspect of the 1970 plan was never implemented and, in fact, the plan no longer is endorsed by current park management.

MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

Bartelt, William E. "The Cabin Site Memorial and Its Architect." Prepared for the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial—Research Proposal #112. Unpublished, 1991.

Bearss, Edwin C. Lincoln Boyhood as a Living Historical Farm. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1967.

Cayton, Andrew R. L. Frontier Indiana. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1996.

"Commemorative Building Cornerstone Laid During Impressive Ceremonies." Outdoor Indiana (No Date): 13, 26.

Hertz, Emanuel. The Hidden Lincoln: From the Letters and Papers of William H. Herndon. New York: Viking Press, 1938.

History of Warrick, Spencer and Perry Counties, Indiana. Chicago, Ill.: Goodspeed Brothers & Co., 1885.

Lake, D. J. & Co. An Illustrated Historical Atlas of Spencer County, Indiana. Philadelphia, Pa.: D. J. Lake & Co., 1879.

Lowenthal, David. The Past is a Foreign Country. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Madison, James H. The Indiana Way: A State History. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1990.

"Map of Original Land Entries." Lincoln State Park and Nancy Hanks Lincoln State Memorial. Lincoln City, Ind.: n.d..

McEnaney, Marla. A Noble Avenue: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial Cultural Landscape Report. Omaha, Nebr.: Midwest Regional Office, National Park Service, 2001.

Murtagh, William. Keeping Time: The History and Theory of Preservation in America. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., 1993.

O'Bright, Jill York. "There I Grew Up. . ." A History of the Administration of Abraham Lincoln's Boyhood Home. n.p.: National Park Service, 1987.

Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial, 1818-1968. n.p., 1968.

"Sculptural Panels on Lincoln's Life Completed—Part of Hoosier Memorial." Outdoor Indiana (No Date):13, 16.

Wallace, Michael. "Visiting the Past." In Presenting the Past. Edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig, pp 137-161. Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Press, 1986.

Warren, Louis A. Lincoln's Youth: Indiana Years, 1816-1830. Indianapolis, Ind.: Indiana Historical Society, 1991. Reprint of 1959 edition.

Wright, Gwendolyn. Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1992.

York, Jill M. Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground: An Expression of Sentiment and Reason — Historic Grounds Report, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. n.p.: National Park Service, 1984.