Nez Perce Forlorn Hope: The Battle of White Bird Canyon

1. Trimble Report, pp. 3-4, 32; Parnell, CI, p. 72; McCarthy, CI, pp. 83-84.

2. Trimble Report, p. 3; Trimble, CI, pp. 43-52; Parnell, CI, pp. 72-73; McCarthy, CI, p. 84; F. Whittaker, "The American Army," The Galaxy 24 (1877), p. 397.

3. Report of the Secretary of War, 1878 (Washington, D.C., 1878), 1, p. 36. The actual strength of the entire United States Army in 1877 was 24,000 men. "Statistics of the Army," Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper (New York), February 8, 1879, p. 415.

4. James S. Hutchins, "Mounted Riflemen: The Real Role of Cavalry in the Indian Wars," in Probing the American West, ed. by K. Ross Toole, et. al. (Santa Fe, 1962), p. 81; Letter from Perry to Forsyth, c. October 22, 1878, p. 2; McCarthy, "Army Sketches," p. 18. Company F had arrived at Fort Lapwai on November 11, 1875. See Muster Roll of Company F, October-December, 1875.

5. Trimble Report, p. 3; McCarthy, CI, p. 84; McCarthy, "Diary," June 11-12, 1877.

6. Trimble Report, p. 3; Parnell, CI, p. 64; McCarthy, CI, p. 84; McCarthy, "Army Sketches," p. 18; Letter from Lt. M.C. Wilkinson to the Commanding Officer of Fort Cabrille, June 30, 1877, Fort Lapwai, Letters Sent, D.C.

7. Oliver Knight, Following the Indian Wars (Norman, 1960), p. 19; Hutchins, p. 83; Joseph, "Chief Joseph's Own Story," in Northwestern Fights, p. 64; Trimble Report, p. 32; McCarthy, "Army Sketches," p. 18; G. W. Baird, "The Capture of Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce, The International Review 7 (1879), p. 214.

8. Parnell, CI, p. 74; McCarthy, "Army Sketches," pp. 9, 18.

9. Trimble Report, p. 32.

10. Trimble Report, p. 32; McCarthy, "Army Sketches," p. 24.

11. McCarthy, "Army Sketches," p. 18.