NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
An Identification of Prairie in National Park Units in the Great Plains
NPS Occasional Paper No. 7 		NPS Logo

SECTION THREE:
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRAIRIE STUDIES
A

1. PRAIRIE SANDREED, WATER INFILTRATION, WATER USE

Aase, J. K. and J. R. Wight. 1973. Prairie sandreed (Calamovilfa longifolia): water infiltration and use. Journal of Range Management. 26:212-214.

2. SMALL MAMMALS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Abramsky, Zvika Z. 1977. Small mammal studies in natural and manipulated shortgrass prairie. Monograph. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory. Colorado State University, Fort Collins. 197 pages.

3. BURNING, GRASSLANDS, ECOLOGY, PLANT COMPOSITION, PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Adams, D. E., R. C. Anderson, and S. L. Collings. 1982. Differential response of woody and herbaceous species to summer and winter burning in an Oklahoma grassland. The Southwest Naturalist. 27:55-61.

4. PLANTS, WEEDS

Agricultural Research Service. 1970. Selected weeds of the United States. Agricultural Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

5. PRAIRIE RESTORATION, SEEDING

Ahrenhoerster, Robert C. and Trelen Wilson. 1981. Prairie restoration for the beginner: Fifty questions and answers. Prairie Seed Source. North Lake, Wisconsin.

6. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Albertson, F. W. and J. E. Weaver. 1942. History of the native vegetation of western Kansas during seven years of continuous drought. Ecological Monographs. 12:23-51.

7. DROUGHT, GRAZING, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION, YIELD

Albertson, F. W. and J. E. Weaver. 1944. Effects of drought, dust, and intensity of grazing on cover and yield of short-grass pastures. Ecological Monographs. 14:1-29.

8. DROUGHT, PRAIRIE, TREES

Albertson, F. W. and J. E. Weaver. 1945. Injury and death or recovery of trees in prairie climate. Ecological Monographs. 15:393-433.

9. DROUGHT, MIDGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION, YIELD

Albertson, F. W. and J. E. Weaver. 1946. Reduction of ungrazed mixed prairie to short grass as a result of drought and dust. Ecological Monographs. 16:449-463.

10. BURNING, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Aldous, A. E. 1934. Effect of burning on Kansas bluestem pastures. Technical Bulletin 38. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Manhattan, Kansas. 65 pages.

11. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE

Allen, D. L. 1967. The life of prairies and plains. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York.

12. PLANTS, WEEDS

Alley, Harold P. and Gary A. Lee. 1969. Weeds of Wyoming. Bulletin 498. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.

13. BIRDS, HABITAT MANAGEMENT, PRAIRIE CHICKENS

Altman, R. W. and F. L. Knopf. 1979. Habitat management programs for Oklahoma's prairie chickens. Oklahoma State University Extension Facts. Cooperative Extension Service. Stillwater. 4 pages.

14. LANDSCAPING, PRAIRIE PLANTS

Alverson, K. 1975. At Kansas City International Airport—a return to the prairie. Grounds Maintenance. 10:11 and 14.

15. BURNING, ECOLOGY, FORBS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Anderson, K. L. 1965. Fire ecology—some Kansas prairie forbs. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. 4:153-160.

16. BUCKBRUSH, BURNING, SHRUB COMMUNITY

Anderson, M. L. and A. W. Bailey. 1979. Effect of fire on a Symphoricarpos occidentalis shrub community in central Alberta Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57:2819-2823.

17. ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Anderson, R. C. 1970. Prairies of the prairie state. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. 63:214-221.

18. BURNING, PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT

Anderson, R. C. 1973. The use of fire as a management tool on the Curtis Prairie. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings. 12:23-35.

19. BARREN VEGETATION, BURNING

Anderson, R. C. and J. Schwegman. 1971. The response of southern Illinois barren vegetation to prescribed burning. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. 64:287-291.

20. REVEGETATION, SEEDING, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Anderson, W. A. 1946. Development of prairie at Iowa Lakeside Laboratory. American Midland Naturalist. 36:431-455.

21. REVEGETATION, SEEDING, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, TRANSPLANTING

Anderson, W. A. 1946. Establishment of prairie species in Iowa by seeding and transplanting. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

22. BURNING, YIELD

Anonymous. 1982. Torching the range. Oregon Agricultural Progress. Winter:8-10.

23. BURNING, EASTERN REDCEDAR, SOILS

Arend, J. L. 1950. Influence of fire and soil on distribution of eastern redcedar in the Ozarks. Journal of Forestry. 48:129-130.

24. BLUE GRAMA, ECOLOGY, MODELING, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Ares, J. and J. S. Singh. 1974. A model of the root biomass dynamics of a shortgrass prairie dominated by blue grama. Journal of Applied Ecology. 11:727-743.


B

1. LITTLE BLUESTEM, ROSE, SAND PRAIRIE, SOILS, YIELD

Baier, J. D., F. A. Bazzaz, L. C. Bliss, and W. R. Boggess. 1972. Primary production and soil relations in an Illinois sand prairie. American Midland Naturalist. 88:200-208.

2. ECOREGIONS, ECOSYSTEMS

Bailey, Robert G. 1983. Delineation of ecosystem regions. Environmental Management. 7:365-373.

3. FORBS, PLANTS, TAXONOMY, WEEDS, WILDFLOWERS

Bare, Janet E. 1979. Wildflowers and weeds of Kansas. Regents Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

4. FLORA, TAXONOMY

Barkley, T. M. 1977. Atlas of the flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.

5. ECOLOGY, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, PLANT COMMUNITIES. PLANT DISTRIBUTION, PLANT DIVERSITY, VEGETATION, YIELD

Barnes, P. W., L. L. Tieszen, and D. J. Ode. 1983. Distribution, production, and diversity of C3 and C4 dominated communities in a mixed prairie. Canadian Journal of Botany. 61:741-751.

6. ALLELOPATHY, DISTURBANCE, PLANT COMPOSITION, VEGETATION

Bartels, R. C. and G. Peterson. 1979. The role of allelopathy on the vegetational composition of disturbed sites on the Samuel H. Ordway memorial prairie. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science. 33:25.

7. FORBS, PRAIRIE PLANTS

Baumgardt, J. P. 1973. Plants of the prairie. Horticulture. 50:28 and 46.

8. PESTS, PEST CONTROL, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Beavis, W. D., J. C. Owens, M. Ortz, T. S. Bellows Jr., J. A. Ludwig, and E. W. Huddleston. 1981. Density and developmental stage of range caterpillar Hemileuca oliviae Cockerell as affected by topographic position. Journal of Range Management. 34:389-392.

9. BURNING, MOWING REVEGETATION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Becic, James N. and Thomas B. Bragg. 1976. Grassland reestablishment in Eastern Nebraska using burning and mowing management. Proceedings of the Midwest Prairie Conference. 5:120-121.

10. FORBS, LEGUMES, NITROGEN FIXATION, NUTRIENTS

Becker, D. A. and J. J. Crockett. 1976. Nitrogen fixation in some prairie legumes. American Midland Naturalist. 96:133-143.

11. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Becker, D. A. and J. J. Crockett. 1973. Evaluation of sampling techniques on tall-grass prairie. Journal of Range Management. 26:61-65.

12. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Beetle, Alan A. and Morton May. 1971. Grasses of Wyoming. Research Journal 39. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.

13. SHRUBS, TAXONOMY, TREES

Benson, L. D. and R. A. Darrow. 1954. The trees and shrubs of southwestern deserts. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

14. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Bently, H. L. 1898. Grasses and forage plants of central Texas. Bulletin 10. Division of Agrostology. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

15. GRASSES

Berry, W. 1980. The native grasses, and what they mean. The New Farm. 2:50-52.

16. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Best, Keith F. 1971. Prairie grasses; Identified and described by vegetative characters. Monograph. Canada Department of Agriculture. Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Publication 1413. 239 pages.

17. PRAIRIE DOGS, RODENT CONTROL, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Bishop, N. G. and J. L. Culbertson. 1976. Decline of prairie dog in southwestern North Dakota. Journal of Range Management. 29:217-220.

18. CLIPPING, GRASSES, ROOTS, SOD, YIELD

Biswell, H. H. and J. E. Weaver. 1933. Effect of frequent clipping on the development of roots and tops of grasses in prairie sod. Ecology. XIV:368-390.

19. GERMINATION, PRAIRIE PLANTS, SEEDS, VIABILITY

Blake, A. K. 1935. Viability and germination of seeds and early life history of prairie plants. Ecological Monographs. 5:405-460.

20. BIRDS, PRAIRIE, RESTORATION

Blankespoor, G. W. 1980. Prairie restoration; effects on nongame birds. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 44:667-672.

21. INSECTS, LEAFHOPPERS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Blocker, H. D. and R. Reed. 1976. Leafhopper populations of a tallgrass prairie (HOMOPTERA: Cicadellidae): collecting procedures and population estimates. Journal of the Kansas Entomology Society. 49:145-154.

22. FLORA, PRAIRIE PLANTS, PRAIRIE PROVINCES, TAXONOMY

Boivin, B. 1972. Flora of the Prairie Provinces. Compositae. Phytologia. 23:85-140. III.

23. FLORA, PRAIRIE PLANTS, PRAIRIE PROVINCES, TAXONOMY

Boivin, B. 1972. Flora of the Prairie Provinces. Connatae. Phytologia. 22:315-398. III.

24. CARBOHYDRATES, DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, STRESS, VEGETATION

Bokhari, U. G. 1978. Total nonstructural carbohydrates in the vegetation components of a shortgrass prairie ecosystem under stress conditions. Journal of Range Management. 31:224-230.

25. ALLELOPATHY, ECOLOGY, GRASSES, PLANT SUCCESSION

Bokhari, U. G. 1978. Allelopathy among prairie grasses and its possible ecological significance. Annuals of Botany. 42:127-136.

26. ECOSYSTEM, NITROGEN CYCLING, SOILS, VEGETATION

Bokhari, U. G. and J. S. Singh. 1975. Standing state and cycling of nitrogen in soil-vegetation components of prairie ecosystems. Annuals of Botany. 39:273-285.

27. BLUE GRAMA, BUFFALOGRASS, ECOLOGY, GERMINATION, GRASSES, STRESS, TEMPERATURE, WATER STRESS, WESTERN WHEATGRASS

Bokhari, U. G., J. S. Singh., and F. M. Smith. 1975. Influence of temperature regimes and water stress on the germination of three range grasses and its possible ecological significance to a shortgrass prairie. Journal of Applied Ecology. 12:153-163.

28. BLUE GRAMA, BUFFALOGRASS, PRAIRIE DOGS

Bonham, C. D. and J. S. Hannan. 1978. Blue grama and buffalograss patterns in and near a prairie dog town. Journal of Range Management. 31:63-65.

29. DISTURBANCE, PLANT COMPOSITION, PRAIRIE DOGS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Bonham, C. D. and A. Lerwick. 1976. Vegetation on changes induced by prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) on shortgrass range. Journal of Range Management. 29:221-225.

30. HUISACHE, POWER GRUBBING, RANGE MANAGEMENT, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Bontrager, O. E. and C. J. Scifres. 1979. Huisache (Acacia farnesiana) control by power grubbing. Journal of Range Management. 32:185-188.

31. REVEGETATION, SUCCESSION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Booth, W. E. 1941. Revegetation of abandoned fields in Kansas and Oklahoma. American Journal of Botany. 28:415-422.

32. DICOTYLEDONS, FORBS, FLORA, PLANTS

Booth, W. E. and J. C. Wright. 1959. Flora of Montana. Part II. Dicotyledons. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.

33. LITTLE BLUESTEM, MOISTURE CONTENT, RAINFALL

Bragg, Thomas B. 1982. Changes in moisture content of little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius) standing dead following rainfall. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences. X:5-6.

34. BLUESTEM PRAIRIE, BURNING, FUEL LOAD, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Bragg, T. B. 1982. Seasonal variations in fuel and fuel consumption by fires in a bluestem prairie. Ecology. 63:7-11.

35. BIG BLUESTEM, BLUESTEM PRAIRIE, INDIANGRASS, SUCCESSION, SWITCHGRASS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, WOODY PLANT INVASION

Bragg, T. B. and L. C. Hulbert. 1976. Woody plant invasion of unburned Kansas bluestem prairie. Journal of Range Management. 29:19-24.

36. EROSION CONTROL, GRASSES, LANDSCAPING

Brakeman, W. G. 1975. Industry uses of prairie grasses for erosion control and landscaping, p. 417-418, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

37. DEGENERATION, ECOLOGY, MIDGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Branson, Farrel and J. E. Weaver. 1953. Quantitative study of degeneration of mixed prairie. Botanical Gazette. 114:397-416.

38. GRASSES, LANDSCAPING

Breyer, D. J. 1976. Use of native grasses for people, parks, and critical areas. Proceedings of the Soil Conservation Society of America. 31:142-143.

39. PLANT COMPOSITION, POTHOLES, VEGETATION

Brotherson, J. D. 1980. Zonation patterns in the potholes of Kalsow Prairie, Iowa. The Great Basin Naturalist. 40:372-384.

40. MIMA MOUNDS, PLANT COMPOSITION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Brotherson, J. D. 1982. Vegetation of the mima mounds of Kalsow Prairie, Iowa. The Great Basin Naturalist. 42:246-261.

41. BURNING, FORBS, FUEL LOAD, GRASSES, VEGETATION, WOODY PLANTS, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Brown, J. K. and M. A. Marsden. 1976. Estimating fuel weights of grasses, forbs, and small woody plants. Restoration Note No. 210. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Ogden, Utah. 11 pages.

42. BLUE GRAMA, CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE, IRRADIANCE, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, SOIL WATER, TEMPERATURE, WESTERN WHEATGRASS

Brown, L. F. and M. J. Trlica. 1977. Interacting effects of soil water, temperature and irradiance on CO2 exchange rates of two dominant grasses of the shortgrass prairie. Journal of Applied Ecology. 14:197-204.

43. ALLELOPATHY, FORBS, GERMINATION, GRASSES

Buchanan, B. A., K. T. Harper and N. C. Frischknecht. 1979. Allelopathic effects of bur buttercup tissue on germination and growth of various grasses and forbs in in-vitro and soil. The Great Basin Naturalist. 38:90-96.

44. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Budd, A. C. 1957. Wild plants of the Canadian prairies. Publication 983. Canada Department of Agriculture, Saskatchewan, Canada.

45. FLORA, VEGETATION

Buhl, C. A. 1934. Supplement to an annotated flora of the Chicago area. Chicago Academy of Science Bulletin. 5:5-12.

46. FLORA, VEGETATION

Buhl, C. A. 1935. Notes on the flora of the Indiana Dunes. American Midland Naturalist. 16:248-253.

47. CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES, DEFOLIATION, ECOLOGY, GRASSES

Bukey, F. S. and J. E. Weaver. 1939. Effects of frequent clipping on underground food reserves of certain prairie grasses. Ecology. 20:246-252.

48. BURNING, CACTUS, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Bunting, S. C., H. A. Wright, and L. F. Neuenschwander. 1980. Long-term effects of fire on cactus in the southern mixed prairie of Texas. Journal of Range Management. 33:85-88.

49. CONSERVATION, FORBS

Butcher, J. K. 1976. Prairie wildflowers on the horizon. Conservation of native plants. Nebraska Soil Conservation. 42:16-17.


C

1. GRASSES, MAGNESIUM, NUTRIENTS, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Callahan, J. M. and C. L. Kucera. 1981. Magnesium flux and storage relationships in Missouri tallgrass prairie. American Midland Naturalist. 106:345-351.

2. BURNING, INSECTS

Cancelado, R. and T. R. Yonke. 1970. Effect of prairie Kansas burning on insect populations. Entomology Society Journal. 43:274-281.

3. PRAIRIE CHICKEN, SAND SAGEBRUSH, SHINNERY OAK

Cannon, R. W. and F. L. Knopf. 1981. Lesser prairie chicken densities on shinnery oak and sand sagebrush rangelands in Oklahoma. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 45:521-524.

4. MICRONUTRIENTS, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Carpenter, E., J. Tarr, and E. L. Rice. 1980. Micronutrients in soils of the tall-grass prairie of Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. 60:43-47.

5. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIES

Carpenter, J. R. 1940. The grassland biome. Ecological Monographs. 10:616-684.

6. PRESERVATION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Cawley, E. T. 1972. The history of prairie preservation in Iowa. Midwest Prairie Conference. 2:22-24.

7. PRAIRIE DOGS

Cheatheam, L. K. 1977. Density and distribution of the black-tailed prairie dog in Texas. Texas Journal of Science. 29:33-40.

8. BLACK-FOOTED FERRET

Choate, J. R., E. K. Boggess, and F. R. Henderson. 1982. History and status of the black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes in Kansas USA. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 85:121-132.

9. REVEGETATION, SEEDING, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, TRANSPLANTING

Christiansen, Paul A. 1967. Establishment of prairie species in Iowa by seeding and transplanting. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

10. MANAGEMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Christiansen, Paul A. 1972. Management of Hayden Prairie: past, present, and future. Midwest Prairie Conference. 2:25-29.

11. PLANT COMPOSITION, PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE, VEGETATION

Clambey, G. 1980. Vegetation studies in the prairie-forest transition region. II. Small hill prairies at Maplewood State Park. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science. 34:19.

12. MICROORGANISMS, SOILS

Clark, F. E. 1975. Viewing the invisible prairie, p. 181-197, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

13. PRAIRIE REMNANTS, PRAIRIE PLANTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Clark, M. B. 1977. Remnant prairie plots of Benton County, Arkansas, USA. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings. 31:112-114.

14. ECOLOGY, SUCCESSION, VEGETATION

Clements, F. W. 1916. Plant succession—an analysis of the development of vegetation. Publication 290. Carnegie Institute. Washington, D.C.

15. ECOLOGY, PLANT COMPETITION, PRAIRIE

Clements, F. W., J. E. Weaver, and H. C. Hanson. 1929. Plant competition. Publication 398. Carnegie Institute, Washington, D.C.

16. FLORA, VEGETATION

Clute, Willard N. 1911. The flora of the Chicago plain. American Botanist. 17:65-70.

17. ECOLOGY, NATIONAL PARK SYSTEMS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Coggins, C. C. and M. McCloskey. 1977. New directions for the National Park System: the proposed Kansas Tallgrass Prairie National Park. Kansas Law Review. 25:447-543.

18. ECOSYSTEMS, PLANT COMMUNITIES, PRAIRIE PLANTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Collings, O. B., F. E. Smeins, and D. H. Riskind. 1975. Plant communities of the Blackland Prairie of Texas, p. 75-88, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

19. CANOPY STRUCTURE, LIGHT, NUTRIENTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, WATER, YIELD

Conant, S. and P. G. Risser. Canopy structure of a tall grass prairie. Journal of Range Management. 27:313-318.

20. BURNING, ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE

Cooper, Charles F. 1961. The ecology of fire. Scientific American. 204:150-160.

21. ECOSYSTEMS, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, NUTRIENTS, PLANT BIOMASS, PLANT COMMUNITIES, PLANT DIVERSITY, PRAIRIE DOGS, VEGETATION

Coppock, D. L., J. K. Detling, J. E. Ellis, and M. I. Dyer. 1983. Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie. I. Effects of black-tailed prairie dogs on intraseasonal above ground plant biomass and nutrient dynamics and plant species diversity. Oecologia. 56:1-9.

22. PRAIRIE PLANTS, REVEGETATION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Cornelius, D. R. 1946. Establishment of some true prairie species following reseeding. Ecology. 27:1-12.

23. PRAIRIE PLANTS, REVEGETATION

Cornelius, D. R. and M. D. Atkins. 1946. Grass establishment and development studies in Morton County, Kansas. Ecology. 27:342-352.

24. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Correll, Donovan S. and Marshall C. Johnson. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas.

25. ECOLOGY, MIDGRASS PRAIRIE

Coupland, R. T. 1950. Ecology of mixed prairie in Canada. Ecological Monographs. 20:273-315.

26. CLIMATE, ECOLOGY, GRASSLANDS

Coupland, R. T. 1958. The effects of fluctuations in weather upon the grasslands of the Great Plains. The Botanical Review. XXIV:273-317.

27. CLASSIFICATION, GRASSLANDS, GREAT PLAINS

Coupland, R. T. 1961. A reconsideration of grassland classification in the Northern Great Plains of North America. Journal of Ecology. 49:135-167.

28. GRASSES, GRASSLANDS, PLANT DISTRIBUTION

Coupland, R. T. 1980. Distribution of grasses and grasslands of North America. Ecology of Grasslands and Bamboolands in the World. Junk Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts. 299 pages.

29. RAINFALL, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE

Couturier, D. E. and E. A. Ripley. 1973. Rainfall interception in mixed grass prairie. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 53:659-663.

30. ECOLOGY, SAND DUNES, VEGETATION

Cowles, Henry C. 1899. The ecological relations of the vegetation of the sand dunes of Lake Michigan. Botanical Gazette. 27:95-117, 167-202, 281-308, 361-391.

31. ECOLOGY, PHYSIOGRAPHY

Cowles, Henry C. 1901. The physiographic ecology of Chicago and vicinity. Botanical Gazette. 31:73-108, 148-182.

32. SUCCESSION, VEGETATION

Cowles, Henry C. 1911. The causes of vegetative cycles. Botanical Gazette. 51:161-183.

33. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIES

Cowles, Henry C. 1928. The persistence of prairies. Ecology. 9:380-382.

34. REVEGETATION, SEEDING, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Crawford, H. S. and A. J. Bjugstad. 1967. Establishing grass range in the southwest Missouri Ozarks. Research Note Agriculture. North Central Forest Experiment Station. St. Paul, Minnesota.

35. FLORA, FORBS, GRASSES, SAND PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Crum, G. H. 1972. Flora of a sand prairie in Black Hawk County, Iowa. Iowa Academy of Science Proceedings. 78:81-87.

36. ALGAE, HERBICIDES, PRAIRIE SOILS

Cullimore, D. R. and A. E. McCann. 1977. Influence of four herbicides on the algal flora of a prairie soil. Plant and Soil. 46:499-510.

37. CONTINUUM, ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Curtis, J. T. 1956. A prairie continuum in Wisconsin. Ecology. 36:558-566.

38. TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Curtis, J. T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin.

39. ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Curtis, J. T. 1959. Prairie, p. 261-307, In The vegetation of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin.

40. ECOLOGY, ECOTONE, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Curtis, J. T. and R. P. McIntosh. 1951. An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology. 32:476-496.

41. BURNING, COMPETITION, KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS, PRAIRIE PLANTS

Curtis, J. T. and M. L. Partch. 1948. Effect of fire on competition between bluegrass and certain prairie plants. American Midland Naturalist. 39:437-443.

42. BIG BLUESTEM, BURNING, FLOWER STALKS, MANAGEMENT

Curtis, J. T. and M. L. Partch. 1950. Some factors affecting flower stalk production in Andropogon gerardi. Ecology. 31:488-489.


D

1. DEFOLIATION, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION, YIELD

Dale, Edward E., Jr. 1951. The effects of clipping on midwestern pasture grasses. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska.

2. ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Dale, Edward E., Jr. 1959. The grasslands of Platt National Park, Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist. 4:45-60.

3. ECOLOGY, LITTLE BLUESTEM, PRAIRIE, YIELD

Dalgarn, M. C. and R. E. Wilson. 1975. Net productivity and ecological efficiency of Andropogon scoparius growing in an Ohio relict prairie. Ohio Journal of Science. 75:194-197.

4. PRAIRIE DOGS, REMOTE SENSING

Dalsted, K. J., S. Sather-Blair, B. K. Worchester, and R. Klukas. 1981. Application of remote sensing to prairie dog management. Journal of Range Management. 34:218-223.

5. ECOLOGY, GRAZING, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Darland, R. W. and J. E. Weaver. 1945. Yields and consumption of forage in three pasture-types: an ecological analysis. Bulletin 27. Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 76 pages.

6. BURNING, ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE

Daubenmire, R. 1968. Ecology of fire in grasslands. Advances in Ecological Research. 5:209-266.

7. PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE

Davis, A. M. 1977. The prairie-deciduous forest ecotone in the upper Middle West. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 67:204-213.

8. LITTER DECOMPOSITION, MARSHES

Davis, C. B. and A. G. Van der Valk. 1978. Litter decomposition in prairie glacial marshes. Freshwater Wetlands. Pages 99-113.

9. BROWSE PLANTS, WILDLIFE

Dayton, William A. 1931. Important western browse plants. Miscellaneous Publication 101. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

10. TAXONOMY, TREES

Deam, C. 1932. Trees of Indiana. Publication Number 13. Indiana Department of Conservation, Indianapolis, Indiana.

11. FLORA, TAXONOMY, VEGETATION

Deam, C. 1940. Flora of Indiana. Conservation, Indianapolis, Indiana. Indiana Department of

12. GRAZING, PRAIRIE DOGS, WESTERN WHEATGRASS

Detling, J. K. and E. I. Painter. 1983. Defoliation responses of western wheatgrass populations with diverse histories of prairie dog grazing. Oecologia. 57:65-71.

13. BLUE GRAMA, CARBON DIOXIDE, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Detling, J. K., W. J. Parton, and H. W. Hunt. 1978. An empirical model for estimating CO2 exchange of Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. in the shortgrass prairie. Oecologia. 33:137-147.

14. FORB SEED PRODUCTION

Dickerson, J. A., W. G. Longren, and E. K. Hadle. 1981. Native forb seed production. Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conference. 6:218-222.

15. CONSERVATION, FORBS, WILDFLOWERS

Dickerson, J. A. and E. K. Hadle. 1977. Wildflowers: beautiful but tough. Wildflowers to solve a variety of conservation problems. Soil Conservation. 42:14-15.

16. PHENOLOGY, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Dickinson, C. E. and J. L. Dodd. 1976. Phenological pattern in the shortgrass prairie. American Midland Naturalist. 96:367-378.

17. GRAZING, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Dix, R. L. 1959. The influence of grazing on the thin-soil prairies of Wisconsin. Ecology. 40:36-49.

18. CACTUS, NITROGEN, NUTRIENTS, WATER STRESS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Dodd, J. L. and W. K. Lauenroth. 1975. Responses of Opuntia polyacantha to water and nitrogen perturbations in the shortgrass prairie, p. 229-240, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

19. ECOSYSTEMS, FUMIGATION, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE

Dodd, J. L., W. K. Lauenroth, R. K. Heitschmidt, and J. W. Leetham. 1978. First-year effects of controlled and sulfur dioxide fumigation on a mixed-grass prairie ecosystem. Ecological Research Series. 600/7-78-021:345-375.

20. ECOSYSTEMS, PRAIRIE CHICKEN, SHINNERY OAK

Doerr, T. B. and F. S. Guthery. 1980. Effects of shinnery oak control on lesser prairie chicken habitat. Proceedings of the Prairie Grouse Symposium. pages 59-63.

21. GRAZING, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, RANGE MANAGEMENT, SOIL CHEMISTRY

Dormaar, J. F., A. Johnston, and S. Smoliak. 1977. Seasonal variation in chemical characteristics of soil organic matter of grazed and ungrazed mixed prairie and fescue grassland. Journal of Range Management. 30:195-198.

22. RODENTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Drabek, C. M. 1977. Some population aspects of cricetid rodents in a central Oklahoma tall grass prairie. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Sciences. 57:25-28.

23. PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE, SYNECOLOGY

Drew, L. A. 1974. Some synecological characteristics of the prairie-forest transition zone in Minnesota. Minnesota Forest Research Notes. No. 250. 3 pages.

24. ECOLOGY, GRAZING, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Drew, W. B. 1947. Floristic composition of grazed and ungrazed prairie vegetation in Northcentral Missouri. Ecology. 23:26-41.

25. ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Duncan, Patricia D. 1978. Tallgrass Prairie: the inland sea. Lowell Press, Kansas City, Missouri. 113 pages.

26. BLUE GRAMA, BURNING, JUNIPER, PINYON, VEGETATION

Dwyer, D. D. and R. D. Pieper. 1967. Fire effects on blue grama-pinyon-juniper rangeland in New Mexico. Journal of Range Management. 20:359-362.

27. LANDSCAPING, PRAIRIE PLANTS

Dyas, R. W. 1975. Landscape design with prairie plants, p. 411-416. In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

28. PRAIRIES, RAINFALL

Dyck, G. E. and D. M. Gray. 1977. Spatial characteristics of prairie rainfall. Conference on Hydrometeorology. 2:110-116.

29. PLANT COMMUNITIES, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, YIELD

Dziadyk, B. and G. Clambey. 1979. Primary production of plant communities within a western Minnesota tall grass prairie. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science. 33:62.

30. BURNING, PLANT COMPOSITION, PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION, YIELD

Dziadyk, B. and G. K. Clambey. 1980. Vegetation studies in the prairie-forest transition region. IV. Effect of burning on net production of a western Minnesota tall grass prairie. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science. 34:21.


E

1. BURNING, PRAIRIE RESTORATION, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Eberley, L. W. and K. H. Dueholm. 1979. A program to re-establish and study prairie grassland and assess effect of fire. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science. 45:8-11.

2. BLUE GRAMA, BUFFALOGRASS, DEFOLIATION, PRECIPITATION, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Eck, Harold V., Wayne G. McCully, and J. Stubbendieck. 1975. Response of shortgrass plains vegetation to clipping, precipitation, and soil water. Journal of Range Management. 28:194-197.

3. BURNING, DEFOLIATION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Ehrenreich, J. H. 1959. Effect of burning and clipping on growth of native prairie in Iowa. Journal of Range Management. 12:133-137.

4. TAXONOMY, TREES

Elias, Thomas S. 1980. Trees of North America. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York.

5. MICROORGANISMS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, SOILS

Elliott, E. T. and D. C. Coleman. 1977. Soil protozoan dynamics in a shortgrass prairie. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 9:113-118.

6. ANIMALS, ECOLOGY, GRAZING, PRAIRIE

England, R. E. and A. Devos. 1969. Influence of animals on pristine conditions on the Canadian grasslands. Journal of Range Management. 28:87-94.

7. ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Evers, R. A. 1955. Hill prairies of Wisconsin. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Society. 26:265-446.


F

1. BIRDS

Faanes, C. A. 1981. Birds of the St. Croix River Valley, Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA. North American Fauna. 196 pages.

2. PRAIRIE RESTORATION

Farney, Dennis. 1975. Restoring prairies is tougher than just a planting job. Smithsonian. 6:60-66.

3. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Featherly, H. I. 1938. Grasses of Oklahoma. Technical Bulletin 3. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, Stillwater, Oklahoma.

4. FORBS, TAXONOMY, WILDFLOWERS

Ferguson, Mary and Richard Merrill Saunders. 1976. Wildflowers. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York. 192 pages.

5. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. American Book Company, New York, New York.

6. TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Finley, D. and J. E. Potzger. 1952. Characteristics of the original vegetation of some prairie counties of Indiana. Butler University Botanical Studies. 10:114-118.

7. BURNING, EVALUATING, PLANNING

Fischer, W. C. 1978. Planning and evaluating prescribed fires - a standard procedure. General Technical Report INT-43. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah. 19 pages.

8. MECHANICAL TREATMENTS, SALTBRUSH, SEEDING

Fisser, H. G., M. H. Machey, and J. T. Nichols. 1974. Contour-furrowing and seeding on nuttal saltbrush rangeland of Wyoming. Journal of Range Management. 27:459-462.

9. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Forest Service. 1937. Range plant handbook. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

10. GRASS ROOTS, SOILS

Fox, R. L., J. E. Weaver, and R. C. Lipps. 1953. Influence of certain profile characteristics upon the distribution of the roots of grasses. Agronomy Journal. 45:583-589.

11. ECOSYSTEMS, GRASSLANDS, SMALL MAMMALS

French, N. R., W. E. Grant, W. Grodzinski, and D. M. Swift. 1976. Small mammal energetics in grassland ecosystems. Ecological Monographs. 46:201-220.

12. VEGETATION

Friesner, R. C. 1936. Indiana as a critical botanical area. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences. 46:28-45.

13. RESTORATION, SEEDING, SOILS

Fryrear, Donald W. and J. Stubbendieck. 1972. Seeding sandylands in the Great Plains. Cattleman. LVIII:141.

14. EROSION, RESTORATION, SEEDING, SOILS, WIND

Fryrear, Donald W., J. Stubbendieck, and W. G. McCully. 1973. Grass seeding response to wind and windblown sand. Crop Science. 13:622-625.

15. ECOLOGY, SUCCESSION

Fuller, G. D. 1911. Evaporation and plant succession. Botanical Gazette. 52:193-208.

16. VEGETATION

Fuller, G. D. 1925. The vegetation of the Chicago region. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.

17. COMMUNITIES, ECOLOGY, SAND DUNES, VEGETATION

Fuller, G. D. 1934. The plant communities of the dunes. Scientific Monthly. 38:444-451.

18. VEGETATION

Fuller, G. D. 1935. Postglacial vegetation of the Lake Michigan region. Ecology. 16:473-487.


G

1. ECOLOGY, GRAZING, PROTECTION, VEGETATION

Gardner, J. L. and D. S. Hubbell. 1943. Some vegetational responses after eight years of protection from grazing. Ecology. 24:409-410.

2. BURNING, FOREST-GRASS ECOTONE

Gartner, F. G. and W. W. Thompson. 1973. Fire in the Black Hills forest-grass ecotone. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. 12:37-68.

3. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Gates, Frank C. 1937. Grasses in Kansas. Volume LV. Number 220-A. Kansas State Board of Agriculture, Topeka, Kansas.

4. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Gay, Charles W., Don Dwyer, Chris Allison, Stephan Hatch, and Jerry Schickedanz. 1980. New Mexico range plants. Circular 374. Cooperative Extension Service, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico.

5. ECOLOGY, BUNCHGRASS PRAIRIE

George, G. 1973. Bunchgrass prairie. Pacific Discovery. 26:9-13.

6. ECOLOGY, GROWTH, PRAIRIE GRASSES, YIELD

Gilbert, William M., L. J. Perry, Jr., and J. Stubbendieck. 1979. Dry matter accumulation of four warm-season grasses in the Nebraska Sandhills. Journal of Range Management. 32:52-54.

7. FLORA, GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Glassman, S. F. 1961. Notes on the grass flora of the Chicago region II. Rhodora. 63:130-138.

8. FLORA, GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Glassman, S. F. 1964. Grass flora of the Chicago region. American Midland Naturalist. 72:1-49.

9. PLANT COMPOSITION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Glenn-Lewin, D. C. 1976. The vegetation of Stinson Prairies, Kossuth County, Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences. 83:88-93.

10. BURNING, HERBICIDES, RANGE MANAGEMENT, MCCARTNEY ROSE

Gordon, R. A., C. J. Scifres, and J. L. Mutz. 1982. Integration of burning and picloram pellets for McCartney rose control. Journal of Range Management. 35:427-430.

11. TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Gordon, R. B. 1936. A preliminary vegetation map of Indiana. American Midland Naturalist. 17:866-876.

12. PLANT COMMUNITIES, PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE, SEDGE MEADOWS, VEGETATION

Gorham, E. and J. M. Bernard. 1975. Midsummer standing crops of wetland sedge meadows along a transect from forest to prairie. Journal of Minnesota Academy of Science. 41:15-17.

13. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Gould, Frank W. 1951. Grasses of southwestern United States. Biological Science Bulletin Number 7. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.

14. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Gould, Frank W. 1975. The grasses of Texas. University Press, College Station, Texas. Texas A&M

15. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Gould, Frank W. 1978. Common Texas grasses. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas.

16. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Gould, Frank W. and Robert Shaw. 1983. Grass systematics. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas.

17. POLLEN, SEED, VEGETATION

Gruger, E. 1972. Pollen and seed studies of Wisconsinan vegetation in Illinois, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 83:2715-2734.


H

1. BAPTISIA, FORBS, LEGUMES, POLLINATION, SEED PRODUCTION

Haddock, R. C. and S. J. Chaplin. 1982. Pollination and seed production in two phenologically divergent prairie legumes. American Midland Naturalist. 108:175-186.

2. BURNING, RANGE MANAGEMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, YIELD

Hadley, E. B. 1970. Net productivity and burning responses of native eastern North Dakota prairie communities. American Midland Naturalist. 84:121-135.

3. BURNING, FREQUENCY, PRAIRIE GRASSES, YIELD

Hadley, E. B. and B. J. Kieckhefer. 1963. Productivity of two prairie grasses in relation to fire frequency. Ecology. 44:389-395.

4. FORBS, TAXONOMY, WILDFLOWERS

Hall, Leonard. 1969. Ozark wildflowers. Sayers, Saint Louis, Missouri. 31 pages.

5. ECOLOGY

Hanson, H. C. 1938. Ecology of the grassland. Botanical Review. 4:51-82.

6. ECOLOGY, MIXED PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Hanson, H. C. and W. Whitman. 1938. Characteristics of major grassland types in western North Dakota. Ecological Monographs. 3:57-114.

7. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Harrington, H. D. 1954. Manual of the plants of Colorado. Sage Books, Denver, Colorado.

8. FORBS, ROSES

Harris, C. C. 1976. From meadow to prairie: the wild roses of America. Country Life. 159:1680-1681.

9. FLORA

Hartley, Thomas G. 1966. The flora of the "Driftless Area." The University of Iowa Studies in Natural History. Volume XXI:1-174.

10. FORBS, LIFE HISTORY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Havercamp, Jennifer and Gordon G. Whitney. 1982. The life history characteristics of three ecologically distinct groups of forbs associated with the tallgrass prairie. The American Midland Naturalist. 109:105-119.

11. BURNING, SWEETCLOVER, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Heitlinger, M. E. 1975. Burning a protected. tallgrass prairie to suppress sweetclover, Melilotus alba Desr., p.123-132, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: A Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

12. ECOSYSTEMS, PLANT COMMUNITIES, SOILS, VEGETATION

Heitschmidt, R. K., G. K. Hulett, and G. W. Tomanek. 1970. Vegetational map and community structure of a west central Kansas prairie. Southwest Naturalist. 14:337-350.

13. BURNING, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Hensel, R. L. 1923. Recent studies on the effect of burning on grassland vegetation. Ecology. 4:183-188.

14. ROOTS, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Herman, R. P. 1977. Root contribution to total soils respiration in a tallgrass prairie. American Midland Naturalist. 98:227-232.

15. MICROORGANISMS, VEGETATION MANAGEMENT, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Herman, R. P. and C. L. Kucera. 1975. Vegetation management and microbial function in a tallgrass prairie. Iowa State Journal of Research. 50:255-260.

16. MICROORGANISMS, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Herman, R. P. and C. L. Kucera. 1979. Microbial floristics of a managed tallgrass prairie. American Midland Naturalist. 101:13-20.

17. FORBS, PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Hermann, F. J. 1966. Notes on western range forbs. Agricultural Handbook 293. Forest Service. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

18. GRAZING, LANDSCAPES, PRAIRIE, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Hewes, L. and C. Jung. 1981. Early fencing on the middle western prairie. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 71:177-201.

19. FLORA, SAND DUNES

Hill, E. J. their flora. 383, 393-394. 1896. The sand dunes of northern Indiana and Garden and Forest. 9:353-354, 372-374, 382-383, 393-394.

20. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Manual of the grasses of the United States. Miscellaneous Publication 200. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

21. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Hitchcock, C. Leo. Undated. A key to the grasses of Montana. John S. Swift Company, Incorporated, St. Louis, Missouri.

22. MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, MOWING, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Holderman, C. A. and H. Goetz. 1981. Response of western North Dakota mixed prairie to intensive clipping and five stages of development. Journal of Range Management. 34:188-193.

23. BURNING, ECOLOGY, MIXED PRAIRIE

Hopkins, H., F. W. Albertson, and A. Riegel. 1948. Some effects of burning upon a prairie in west-central Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences. 51:131-141.

24. BURNING, MOWING, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Hover, E. I. and T. B. Bragg. 1981. Effects of season of burning and mowing on an eastern Nebraska Stipa-Andropogon prairie. American Midland Naturalist. 105:13-18.

25. LEAF SPOT DISEASE, THICKSPIKE WHEATGRASS, WESTERN WHEATGRASS

Howard, R. J. and R. A. Morrall. 1975. The epidemilogy of leaf spot disease (Pyrenophora triticirepentis) in a native prairie. I. The progression of disease with time. Canadian Journal of Botany. 53:1040-1050.

26. ECOLOGY, SEED DISPERSAL

Howe, Henry F. and Judith Smallwood. 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annual Review of Ecological Systems. 13:201-228.

27. BURNING, LITTER, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Hulbert, L. C. 1969. Fire and litter effects in undisturbed bluestem prairie in Kansas. Ecology. 50:874-877.

28. MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, YIELD

Hulett, G. K. and G. W. Tomanek. 1974. Productivity in a Kansas mixed prairie grassland. International Grassland Congress. 12:199-211.

29. ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Hurd, R. M. and D. M. Christisen. 1975. Ecological study of Friendly Prairie, Missouri, p. 89-101, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

30. HERBICIDES, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, SPECIES SUSCEPTIBILITY

Hyder, D. N. 1971. Species susceptibilities to 2,4-D on mixed-grass prairie. Weed Science. 19:526-533.


J

1. CONSERVATION, FORBS, WILDFLOWERS

Jacobson, E. T. 1975. The evaluation, selection and increase of prairie wildflowers for conservation beautification, p. 395-404, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

2. CANOPY COVER, PASTURE, PLANT COMPOSITION, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Jantzen, Paul G. 1973. Canopy-coverage method compares pasture and prairie. American Biology Teacher. 35:322-324.

3. DEFOLIATION, FERTILITY, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Johnson, A. G. 1970. Fertility level of a hay-cropped prairie, p. 26-27, In Proceedings of the Symposium on Prairie and Prairie Restoration. Galesburg, Illinois.

4. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Johnson, James R. and James T. Nichols. 1982. Plants of South Dakota grasslands. Bulletin 566. Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota.

5. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Johnson, T. R. 1966. Key to the native perennial grasses - Midwest Region East of the Great Plains. Soil Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.


K

1. CLASSIFICATION, GRASSLANDS, PRAIRIE

Kantrud, H. A. and R. L. Kologiski. 1982. Ordination and classification of North Dakota, USA grasslands. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science. 35:35.

2. NITROGEN FIXATION, SOILS, SUCCESSION

Kapustika, L. A. and E. L. Rice. 1976. Acetylene reduction nitrogen fixation in soil and old field succession in central Oklahoma, USA. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 8:497-503.

3. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Kartesz, John T. and Rosemarie Kartesz. 1980. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume II. The biota of North America, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

4. BURNING, RANGE MANAGEMENT, RESTORATION, VEGETATION

Keller, G. T. 1978. Restoring native prairie vegetation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 43:20.

5. BURNING, ECOLOGY, GRASSLANDS

Kelting, Ralph W. 1957. Winter burning in central Oklahoma grassland. Ecology. 38:520-522.

6. ROOT BIOMASS, ROOTS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Khan, S. M. 1981. Distribution of below ground biomass in a shortgrass prairie ecosystem (Colorado). The Pakistan Journal of Forestry. 31:112-121.

7. FOREST, PLANT COMPOSITION, PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE, VEGETATION

Kiehne, A. and G. Clambey. 1980. Vegetation studies in the prairie-forest transition region. I. Upland forest vegetation of Maplewood State Park. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science. 34:18.

8. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Kinch, Raymond C., Leon Wrage, and Raymond Moore. 1975. South Dakota weeds. Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota.

9. ARTHROPODS, INSECTS, PLANT DIVERSITY, PRAIRIE PLANTS, RESOURCE ENRICHMENT, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Kirchner, T. B. 1977. The effects of resource enrichment on the diversity of plants and arthropods in a shortgrass prairie. Ecology. 58:1334-1344.

10. CONSERVATION, PRAIRIE, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Kirkvold-Ivey, S. 1981. Ordway prairie. Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota. 32:10-13.

11. BURNING, PRAIRIE, WILDLIFE

Kirsch, L. M. and A. D. Kruse. 1972. Prairie fires and wildlife. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings. 12:289-303.

12. BLUE GRAMA, BUFFALOGRASS, PLANT COMPOSITION, PRAIRIE DOGS, VEGETATION, WESTERN WHEATGRASS

Klatt, L. E. and D. Hein. 1978. Vegetative differences among active and abandoned towns of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Journal of Range Management. 31:315-317.

13. BURNING, ECOLOGY, METEROLOGY

Komarek, E. V., Sr. 1966. The meterological basis for fire ecology. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. 5:85-125.

14. FORBS, GRASSES, LEGUMES, SOIL FERTILITY, SOILS, RESTORATION

Korn, L. 1979. Restoring soil fertility using native grasses and legumes. The New Farm. 1:30-35.

15. BURNING, ECOSYSTEMS

Kozlowski, T. T. and C. E. Ahlgren. 1974. Fire and ecosystems. Academic Press, New York, New York.

16. ALGAE, BURNING, SOILS

Kragskow, S. L. and B. A. Hayhome. 1982. Effects of fire on prairie soil algae populations. Proceedings of Nebraska Academy of Sciences. 92:12.

17. ECOLOGY, EROSION, ROOTS, TOPS

Kramer, Joseph and J. E. Weaver. 1936. Relative efficiency of roots and tops of plants in protecting the soil from erosion. Bulletin 12. Conservation and Survey Division. University of Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebraska. 94 pages.

18. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Kucera, C. L. 1961. The grasses of Missouri. University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri.

19. BURNING, ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Kucera, C. L. 1968. Ecological effects of fire on a tallgrass prairie, p. 12, In Proceedings of a Symposium on Prairie and Prairie Restoration. Galesburg, Illinois.

20. BURNING, ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Kucera, C. L. 1970. Ecological effects of fire on tallgrass prairie, p. 12, In Proceedings of the Symposium on Prairie and Prairie Restoration. Galesburg, Illinois.

20. BURNING, ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Kucera, C. L. and J. H. Ehrenreich. 1962. Some effects of annual burning on central Missouri prairie. Ecology. 43:334-336.

21. SOIL RESPIRATION, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Kucera, C. L. and D. R. Kirkha. 1971. Soil respiration studies in tall grass prairie in Missouri. Ecology. 52:912-915.

22. BURNING, COMPOSITION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Kucera, C. L. and M. Koelling. 1964. The influence of fire on composition of central Missouri prairie. The American Midland Naturalist. 72:142-147.

23. ECOLOGY, ENERGY, PRODUCTIVITY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Kucera, C. L., R. C. Dahlman, and M. R. Koelling. 1967. Total net productivity and turnover on an energy basis for tallgrass prairie. Ecology. 48:536-541.

24. ECOLOGY, FLORA, VEGETATION

Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication Number 36. American Geographical Society.


L

1. BIG BLUESTEM, GRASS SEEDLINGS, LITTLE BLUESTEM, SOIL MOISTURE, SOILS

Lagory, K. E., M. K. Lagory, and J. V. Perino. 1982. Response of big and little bluestem seedlings to soil and moisture conditions. Ohio Journal of Science. 82:19-23.

2. LITTER DECOMPOSITION

Landerholm, W. A. and E. B. Hadley. 1975. Decomposition of natural and simulated litter in Oakville Prairie, p. 199-207, In M. K. Wali. Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks North Dakota.

3. BISON, ECOLOGY, GRAZING, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Larson, F. 1940. The roll of bison in maintaining the short grass plains. Ecology. 21:113-121.

4. BADLANDS, ECOLOGY, GRAZING, UTILIZATION

Larson, F. and W. Whitman. 1942. A comparison of used and unused grassland mesas in the Badlands of South Dakota. Ecology. 23:438-445.

5. REVEGETATION EQUIPMENT

Larson, J. E. 1980. Revegetation equipment catalog. Forest Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Missoula, Montana. 197 pages.

6. ECOLOGY, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, YIELD

Lauenroth, W. K. and W. C. Whitman. 1977. Dynamics of dry matter production in a mixed-grass prairie in western North Dakota. Oecologia. 27:339-351.

7. SHRUBS, TAXONOMY, TREES

Laughlin, K. 1953. A list of the trees and shrubs of the Indiana Dunes State Park. American Midland Naturalist. 49:904-905.

8. BURNING, VEGETATION, YIELDS

Launchbaugh, J. L. 1964. Effects of early spring burning on yields of native vegetation. Journal of Range Management. 17:5-6.

9. BURNING, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, PRAIRIE PLANTS, RANGE MANAGEMENT, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Launchbaugh, J. L. 1973. Effect of fire on shortgrass and mixed prairie species. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings. 12:129-151.

10. GRASSES, SEEDING RATE, PRAIRIE RESTORATION, STAND ESTABLISHMENT

Launchbaugh, J. L. and C. E. Owensby. 1970. Seeding rate and first-year stand relationships for six native grasses. Journal of Range Management. 23:414-417.

11. ECOSYSTEMS, INSECTS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, STRESS

Lavigne, R. J. and M. K. Campion. 1978. The effect of ecosystem stress on the abundance and biomass of Carabidae (Coleoptera) on the shortgrass prairie. Environmental Entomology. 7:88-92.

12. DISTRIBUTION, ECOSYSTEMS, PRAIRIE

Lemon, P. C. 1970. Prairie ecosystem boundaries in North America, p.13-18, In P. Schramm, Proceedings of the Symposium on Prairie and Prairie Restoration. Knox College Biology Station. Special Publication Number 3.

13. ECOSYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, PRAIRIE

Lemon, P. C. 1975. Prairie ecosystems are essential for environmental monitoring. p. 343-348, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

14. BURNING, HISTORY, PRAIRIE

Lewis, H. T. 1980. Indian fires of spring. Natural History. 89:76-83.

15. PRAIRIE, SOILS, VEGETATION

Lindsey, Alton A., Damian V. Schmeiz, and Stanley A. Nichols. 1963. Soil relations and distribution map of the vegetation of presettlement Indiana. Botanical Gazette. 124:155-172.

16. TAXONOMY, TREES

Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1971. Atlas of United States trees. Volume 1. Conifers and important hardwoods. Miscellaneous Publication 1146. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

17. TAXONOMY, TREES

Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1976. Atlas of United States trees. Volume 3. Minor western hardwoods. Miscellaneous Publication 1314. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

18. FORBS, TAXONOMY, WILDFLOWERS

Lommasson, Robert C. 1973. Nebraska wild flowers. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska.

19. FLORA, FORBS, OXYTROPIS, PRAIRIE PROVINCES

Looman, J. 1973. Biological flora of the Canadian prairie provinces. I. Oxytropis besseyi (Rydb.) Blank. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 53:677-687.

20. DELPHINIUM, FLORA, FORBS, LARKSPUR, PRAIRIE PROVINCES

Looman, J. 1975. Biological flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces. III. Delphinium bicolor Nutt. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 55:605-617.

21. FLORA, FORBS, PRAIRIE PROVINCES

Looman, J. 1976. Biological flora of the Canadian prairie provinces. IV. Triglochin L., the genus (Cyanogenic). Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 56:725-732.

22. FLORA, GRASSES, JUNEGRASS, PRAIRIE PROVINCES

Looman, J. 1978. Biological flora of the Canadian prairie provinces. V. Koeleria gracilis Pers. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 58:459-466.

23. FERTILIZATION, FORAGE PRODUCTION, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, NITROGEN, PLANT COMPOSITION, PHOSPHORUS, YIELD

Lorenz, R. J. and G. A. Rogler. 1972. Forage production and botanical composition of mixed prairie as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Agronomy Journal. 64:244-249.

24. FERTILIZATION, MIXED PRAIRIE, NITROGEN, NUTRIENTS, PHOSPHORUS, VEGETATION

Lorenz, R. J. and G. A. Rogler. 1973. Growth rate of mixed prairie in response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Journal of Range Management. 26:365-368.

25. HARVEST DATE, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, SOIL FERTILITY, YIELD

Lorenz, R. J. and G. A. Rogler. 1973. Interaction of fertility level with harvest date and frequency on productiveness of mixed prairie. Journal of Range Management. 26:51-54.

26. ECOLOGY, POCKET GOPHERS, VEGETATION, YIELD

Luce, Dale G., Ronald M. Case, and J. Stubbendieck. 1980. Food habits of the plains pocket gopher on western Nebraska rangeland. Journal of Range Management. 33:129-131.

27. ARTHROPOD, BURNING, INSECTS, RANGE MANAGEMENT, SOILS

Lussenhop, J. 1976. Soil arthropod response to prairie burning. Ecology. 57:88-98.

28. HICKORY, OAK, SOILS, VEGETATION, WATER RELATIONS

Luxmoore, R. J., D. J. Van Rooyen, F. D. Hole, J. B. Mankin, and R. A. Goldstein. 1977. Field water balance and simulated water relations of prairie and oak hickory vegetation on deciduous forest soils. Soil Science. 123:77-84.

29. FERNS, FLOWERING PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Lyon, M. W. 1927. List of flowering plants and ferns in the Dunes State Park and vicinity, Porter County, Indiana. American Midland Naturalist. 10:245-295.

30. FERNS, FLOWERING PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Lyon, M. W. 1930. List of flowering plants and ferns in the Dunes State Park and vicinity, Porter County, Indiana, supplement. American Midland Naturalist. 12:33-43.


M

1. CULTIVATION, GRASSES, PRAIRIE

Maddy, J. 1974. A green future for prairie grasses? Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 39:4-5.

2. GRAZING, GRASSES, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Maddy, J. K. 1975. Midwest livestock producers rediscover the prairie grasses, p. 427-429, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

3. TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Madson, J. 1982. Where the sky began. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts.

4. FORBS, GERMINATION, GRASSES, SEEDS

Maguire, J. D. and A. Overland. 1959. Laboratory germination of seeds of weedy and native plants. Circular Number 349. Washington Agricultural Experiment Station. 15 pages.

5. EROSION, GRASSES, SEEDING, SOILS

Malakouti, M. J., D. T. Lewis, and J. Stubbendieck. 1978. Effect of grasses and soil properties on wind erosion in sand blowouts. Journal of Range Management. 31:421-426.

6. PLANT COMPOSITION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Marshall, J. H. 1978. A floristic analysis of the Old-Woman Creek estuary and contiguous uplands Erie County, Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science. 78:14.

7. HABITATS, PRAIRIE CHICKEN

Martin, S. A. and F. L. Knopf. 1981. Aerial survey of greater prairie chicken leks. Wildlife Society bulletin. 9:219-221.

8. COOL SEASON GRASSES, FORBS, GRASSES, ROOTS, STRESS, TEMPERATURE

Masuinas, J. B., E. A. B. Curry, and P. L. Carpenter. 1980. Effects of temperature on the early root growth of cool season grasses, prairie grasses, and a prairie forb. Hortscience. 15:396.

9. FORBS, TAXONOMY, WILDFLOWERS

Matthews, F. S. 1927. Field book of American wildflowers. G. P. Putnam, New York, New York.

10. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

May, Morton. 1960. Key to the major grasses of the Big Horn Mountains-based on vegetative characters. Bulletin 371. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.

11. BURNING, GRASSES, WOODY PLANTS

Merrill, E. H. H. F. Mayland, and J. M. Peek. 1982. Shrub responses after fire in an Idaho ponderosa pine community. Journal of Wildlife Management. 46:496-502.

12. VEGETATION

Meyer, A. H. 1952. Fundamental vegetation of the Calumet region of northwest Indiana-northwest Illinois. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters. 36:177-182.

13. PRAIRIE, WILDLIFE

Miller, Wilford L. 1975. Wildlife of the prairie. Record Printers, Grafton, North Dakota. 130 pages.

14. ECOSYSTEMS, GRASSHOPPERS, INSECTS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Mitchell, J. E. and R. E. Pfadt. 1974. A role of grasshoppers in a shortgrass prairie, ecosystem. Environmental Entomology. 3:358-360.

15. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION, YIELD

Mitchell, W. W. 1958. An ecological study of the grasslands in the region of Missoula. Montana. Masters Thesis. University of Montana, Missoula, Montana. 111 pages.

16. FLORA, VEGETATION

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Illinois.

17. MICROCLIMATES, FOREST, PRAIRIE

Morgan, M. D. and S. M. Old. 1972. Comparison of seasonal microclimates of a wood and prairie in east-central Illinois. American Midland Naturalist. 87:100-108.

18. LEAF SPOT DISEASE, PRAIRIE, THICKSPIKE WHEATGRASS, WESTERN WHEATGRASS

Morrall, R. A. and R. J. Howard. 1975. The epidemiology of leaf spot disease in a native prairie. II. Airborne spore populations of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Canadian Journal of Botany. 53:2345-2353.

19. FLORA, TAXONOMY, VEGETATION

Morrill, John B. 1953. Prairie flora on the Missouri River bluffs of western Iowa. Master of Science Thesis. Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa.

20. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, GRASS SEEDLINGS

Mueller, Irene M. and J. E. Weaver. 1942. Relative drought resistance of seedlings of dominant prairie grasses. Ecology. 23:387-398.

21. BURNING, ECOSYSTEMS, WILDFIRES

Mutch, R. W. 1970. Wildland fires and ecosystems: hypothesis. Ecology. 21:451-459.

22. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, SUCCESSION

McComb, A. L. and W. E. Loomis. 1944. Subclimax prairie. Bulletin of the Torrey Botany Club. 71:46-76.

23. FORBS, GERMINATION, GRASSES, SEEDS, WATER POTENTIAL

McDonough, W. T. 1975. Water potential of germinating seeds. Botanical Gazette. 136:106-108.

24. BLACK-FOOTED FERRET, PRAIRIE DOGS

McNulty, Faith. 1971. Must they die? The strange case of the prairie dog and the black-footed ferret. Doubleday, Garden City, New York. 86 pages.


N

1. ARTHROPODS, BURNING, INSECTS, PRAIRIE

Nagel, H. G. 1973. Effect of spring prairie burning on herbivorous and non-herbivorous arthropod populations. Journal of the Kansas Entomology Society. 46:485-596.

2. FORBS, GRASSES, NUTRIENTS, SOILS

Neal, J. L. 1973. Influence of selected grasses and forbs on soil phosphatase activity. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 53:119-121.

3. PLANTS

Nebraska Statewide Arboretum. 1982. Common and scientific names of Nebraska plants. Publication 101. Nebraska Statewide Arboretum, Lincoln, Nebraska.

4. EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, PRAIRIE WATERSHED, RAINFALL, RUNOFF

Neel, J. K. 1980. Precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff in a northern prairie watershed. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science. 34:23.

5. BURNING, PRAIRIE

Nelson, J. G. and R. E. England. 1977. Some comments on the causes and effects of fire in the northern grassland area of Canada and the nearby United States, p. 39-47, In Proceedings of the 1977 Rangeland Management and Fire Symposium. Society for Range Management. Denver, Colorado.

6. FORBS, TAXONOMY, WILDFLOWERS

Nelson, Ruth A. 1968. Wild flowers of Wyoming. Bulletin 490. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.

7. DISTURBANCE, PLANT COMPOSITION, PLANT DIVERSITY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Netherland, L. 1979. The effect of disturbances in tallgrass prairie sites on an index of diversity and equitability. The Southwestern Naturalist. 24:267-274.

8. ECOLOGY, GERMINATION, PRAIRIE PLANTS, SEEDS

Nichols, G. E. 1934. The influence of exposure to winter temperatures upon seed germination in various native American plants. Ecology. 15:364-373.

9. ECOLOGY, MANAGEMENT, PRAIRIES

Nichols, Stan and Lynn Entine. 1978. Prairie Primer. Cooperative Extension Programs. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. 44 pages.

10. ENERGY BALANCE, GRASS, PRAIRIE

Nikemdirim, L. C. and S. Yamashita. 1972. Energy balance of a prairie grass. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 52:215-225.

11. NEMATODES, PLANT COMMUNITY, PRAIRIE PLANTS, SOILS

Norton, D. C. and D. P. Schmitt. 1978. Community analyses of plant-parasitic nematodes on the Kalsow Prairie, Iowa. Journal of Nematology.

12. PRAIRIE, RECREATION

Nyhoff, J. J. 1975. The usage of Goose Lake Prairie State Park, p. 383-387, In, M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

13. INTERSEEDING, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, REVEGETATION

Nyren, P. E., H. Goetz, and D. E. Williams. 1981. A comparison of techniques for interseeding native mixed grass prairie in western North Dakota. North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Fargo, North Dakota. 39:17-21.

14. FERTILIZATION, INTERSEEDING, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, REVEGETATION

Nyren, P. E., H. Goetz, and D. E. Williams. 1981. A comparison of fertilization and interseeding on native mixed grass prairie in western North Dakota. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science. 35:1.


O

1. PRAIRIE PLANTS, RESTORATION, SEEDING

Ode, Arthur H. 1970. Some aspects of establishing prairie species by direct seeding, In Peter Schramm, Proceedings of a Symposium on prairie and prairie restoration. Special Publication Number 3. Biology Field Station.

2. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE

Ode, Arthur H. 1975. Prelude to prairie, p. 389-391, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

3. GRASSES, FORBS, MIXED PRAIRIE, PRAIRIE PLANTS, YIELD

Ode, D. J., L. L. Tieszen and J. C. Lerman. 1980. The species to seasonal contribution of C3 and C4 plant primary production in a mixed prairie. Ecology. 61:1304-1311.

4. BURNING, MICROCLIMATE, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, YIELD

Old, S. M. 1969. Microclimate, fire, and plant production in an Illinois Prairie. Ecological Monographs. 39:355-384.

5. ECOLOGY, SAND DUNES, SUCCESSION

Olson, J. S. 1958. Rates of succession and soil changes on southern Lake Michigan sand dunes. Botanical Gazette. 119:125-170.

6. GRAZING, HERBAGE, LIVESTOCK, PASTURES, PRAIRIE DOGS

O'Meilia, M. E., F. L. Knopf, and J. C. Lewis. 1982. Some consequences of competition between prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and beef cattle for herbage in pastures. Journal of Range Management. 35:580-585.

7. FORBS, PRAIRIE, TAXONOMY, WILDFLOWERS

Owensby, C. E. 1980. Kansas prairie wildflowers. State University Press, Ames, Iowa.

8. BURNING, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, YIELD

Iowa Owensby, C. E. and K. L. Anderson. 1967. Yield responses to time of burning in the Kansas Flint Hills. Journal of Range Management. 20:12-16.

9. BURNING, PRAIRIE THREEAWN, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Owensby, C. E. and J. L. Launchbaugh. 1977. Controlling prairie threeawn (Aristida oligantha Michx.) in central and eastern Kansas with fall burning. Journal of Range Management. 30:337-339.

10. BURNING, RANGE MANAGEMENT, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Owensby, C. E. and J. B. Wyrill, III. 1973. Effects of range burning on Kansas flint hills soil. Journal of Range Management. 26:185-199.


P

1. FLORA

Palmer, E. J. and J. A. Steyermark. 1935. An annotated catelogue of the flowering plants of Missouri. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 22:375-758.

2. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Pammel, L. H., C. R. Ball, and F. Lamson-Scribner. 1904. The grasses of Iowa. Part II. Iowa Geological Survey, Des Moines, Iowa.

3. PLANT BIOMASS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, ROOT BIOMASS

Parton, W. J. 1976. Simulation of plant biomass on a shortgrass and a tallgrass prairie with emphasis on belowground processes. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. 76 pages.

4. BLUE GRAMA, ECOLOGY, ROOTS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Parton, W. J., J. S. Singh, and D. C. Coleman. 1978. A model of production and turnover of roots in shortgrass prairie. Journal of Applied Ecology. 15:515-542.

5. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE PLANTS, ROOTS, SOILS, SUCCESSION

Parrish, J. A. D. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1976. Underground niche separation in successional plants. Ecology. 57:1281-1288.

6. ECOLOGY, POLLINATION, PRAIRIE PLANTS, SUCCESSION

Parrish, J. A. D. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1979. Difference in pollination niche relationships in early and late successional plant communities. Ecology. 60:597-610.

7. ECOLOGY, PLANT COMPETITION, PLANT COMMUNITIES, PRAIRIE PLANTS, SUCCESSION

Parrish, J. A. D. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1982. Competitive interactions in plant communities of different successional ages. Ecology. 63:314-320.

8. HABITAT UTILIZATION, PLANT DIVERSITY, RODENTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Paul, G. E. 1982. A preliminary investigation of species diversity and habitat utilization of the rodents of Nine-mile Prairie, Nebraska, USA. Proceedings of Nebraska Academy of Sciences Affiliated Society. 91:50-51.

9. ECOLOGY, ROOTS

Pavlychenko, T. K. 1937. Quantitative study of the entire root system of weed and crop plants under field conditions. Ecology. 18:62-69.

10. ECOLOGY, VEGETATION

Payne, G. F. 1973. Vegetative rangeland types in Montana. Bulletin Number 671. Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Bozeman, Montana. 15 pages.

11. PLANT BIOMASS, REMOTE SENSING, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Pearson, R. L., C. J. Tucker, and L. D. Miller. 1976. Spectral mapping of shortgrass prairie biomass. Photogramm Engineering Remote Sensing. 62:323-325.

12. FLORA

Peattie, D. C. 1922. The Atlantic coastal plain elements in the flora of the Great Lakes. Rhodora. 24:57-70, 80-88.

13. FLORA

Peattie, D. C. 1925. Plants of Wolf Lake, Indiana and Illinois. American Botanist. 31:94-99.

14. PLANTS, SAND DUNES

Peattie, D. C. 1926. Indiana Dune plant notes. American Midland Naturalist. 10:129-132.

15. FLORA, SAND DUNES

Peattie, D. C. 1930. Flora of the Indiana Dunes. Field Museum of Natural History. Chicago, Illinois.

16. BIG BLUESTEM, BURNING, PRAIRIE, YIELD

Peet, M., R. Anderson, and M. S. Adams. 1975. Effect of fire on big bluestem production. American Midland Naturalist. 94:15-26.

17. DENUDATION, PRAIRIE, YIELD

Penfound, W. T. 1964. Effects of denudation on the productivity of grassland. Ecology. 45:838-845.

18. BURNING, PRAIRIE

Penfound, W. T. and R. W. Kelting. 1950. Some effects of winter burning on a moderately grazed pasture. Ecology. 31:554-560.

19. GROWTH, SEEDLINGS, SWITCHGRASS

Perry, L. J. and L. E. Moser. 1975. Seedling growth of three switchgrass strains. Journal of Range Management. 28:381-393.

20. ALLELOPATHY, PLANT COMPETITION, PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE, SUMAC

Petranka, J. W. and J. K. McPherson. 1979. The role Rhus copallina in the dynamics of the forest-prairie ecotone in north-central Oklahoma. Ecology. 60:956-965.

21. ECOLOGY, PLANT COMMUNITIES

Petty, R. O. and M. T. Jackson. 1966. Plant communities, p.264-296, In A. A. Lindsey, Features of Indiana. Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis, Indiana.

22. DISTURBANCES, PLANT COMPETITION, PRAIRIE PLANTS, RODENTS

Platt, W. J. and I. M. Weis. 1977. Resource partitioning and competition within a guild of fugitive prairie plants. American Naturalist. 111:470-513.

23. ASTRAGALUS, FORBS, LEGUMES, PLANT DENSITY, POLLINATION, SEEDS, SEED PREDITATION, SEED PRODUCTION

Platt, W. J., G. R. Hill, and S. Clark. 1974. Seed production in a prairie legume (Astragalus canadensis L.). Interactions between pollination, predispersal seed predation, and plant density. Oecologia. 17:55-63.

24. GERMINATION, GRASSES, SEEDLINGS

Plummer, A. P. 1943. The germination and early seedling development of 12 range grasses. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy. 35:19-33.

25. FLORA, TAXONOMY

Pohl, R. W. Keys to Iowa vascular plants. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

26. TAXONOMY, TREES

Pool, R. J. 1971. Handbook of Nebraska trees. Bulletin 32. Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebraska.

27. ECOLOGY, ECOTONE

Pool, R. J., J. E. Weaver, and F. C. Jean. 1918. Further studies in the ecotone between prairie and woodland. University of Nebraska Studies. XVIII:7-47.

28. BIRDS, HABITATS, SUCCESSION, VEGETATION

Posey, Alan F. 1974. Vegetational habitats of breeding birds in Ozark shrubby old fields. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Arkansas.

29. LITTLE BLUESTEM, MOWING, RANGE MANAGEMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Powell, J. 1974. Range science: Effect of date and height of mowing on tallgrass prairie vegetation. Research Report Publication. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. 695:38-40.

30. FERTILIZATION, FORBS, GRAZING, HERBICIDES, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Powell, J., R. W. Hammond, and J. F. Stritzke. 1973. Managing rangeland forbs with fertilization, herbicide application and seasonal grazing. Research Report Publication. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. 686d:27-31.

31. HERBICIDES, SOILS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, WEATHER

Powell, J., J. F. Stritzke, R. W. Hammond and R. D. Morrison. 1982. Weather, soil, and 2,4-D effects on tallgrass prairie in Oklahoma. Journal of Range Management. 35:483-488.

32. BURNING, HISTORY, INDIANS

Pyne, Stephen J. 1983. Indian fires. Natural History. 92:6-11.


Q

1. CLIMAX VEGETATION, ECOLOGY, MIXED PRAIRIE

Quinnild, C. L. and H. E. Cosby. 1958. Relects of climax vegetation on two mesas in western North Dakota. Ecology. 39:29-32.


R

1. PRAIRIE PLANTS, SEEDS, SEED DISPERSAL, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Rabinowitz, D. 1981. Buried viable seeds in a North American tall-grass prairie: the resemblance of their abundance and composition to dispersing seeds. Oikos. 36:191-195.

2. ECOLOGY, GRASSES, PLANT DISTRIBUTION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Rabinowitz, D. and B. K. Bassett. 1979. Abundance and neighborhood structure for sparse and common grasses in a Missouri prairie. American Journal of Botany. 66:867-869.

3. PRAIRIE PLANTS, SEEDS, SEED DISPERSAL, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Rabinowitz, D. and J. K. Rapp. 1980. Seed rain in a North American tall grass prairie. The Journal of Applied Ecology. 17:793-802.

4. GRASSES, PRAIRIE PLANTS, SEED DISPERSAL

Rabinowitz, D. and J. K. Rapp. 1981. Dispersal abilities of seven sparse and common grasses from a Missouri prairie. American Journal of Botany. 68:616-624.

5. BURNING, NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION, SOILS

Raison, R. J. 1979. Modification of the soil environment by vegetation fires, with particular reference to nitrogen transformation: a review. Plant and Soil. 51:73-108.

6. COMPETITION, ECOSYSTEMS, HERBIVORES, INSECTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Rathcke, B. J. 1976. Competition and coexistence within a guild of herbivorous insects. Ecology. 57:76-87.

7. HERBIVORES, INSECTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Rathcke, B. J. 1976. Insect plant patterns and relationships in the stem boring guild. American Midland Naturalist. 96:98-117.

8. PRAIRIE PLANTS, SOILS, SUCCESSION

Raynal, D. J. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1973. Establishment of early successional plant populations on forest and prairie soil. Ecology. 54:1335-1341.

9. GROUND SQUIRRELS, PRAIRIE DOGS, RODENT CONTROL

Record, C. R. 1978. Ground squirrel and prairie dog control in Montana. Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference. 8:93-97.

10. ECOLOGY, PLANT COMMUNITIES, PRAIRIE PLANTS, SOILS

Redmann, R. E. 1972. Plant communities and soils of an eastern North Dakota prairie. Torrey Botanical Club Bulletin. 99:65-76.

11. FERTILIZATION, SEEDING, RESTORATION, WARM SEASON GRASSES

Rehm, G. W., W. J. Moline, and E. J. Schwartz. 1972. Response of a seeded mixture of warm-season prairie grasses to fertilization. Journal of Range Management. 25:452-456.

12. ECOSYSTEMS, NITRIFICATION, PRAIRIE

Rice, E. L. and S. K. Pancholy. 1972. Inhibition of American nitrification by climax ecosystems. Journal of Botany. 59:1033-1040.

13. TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, YIELD

Rice, E. L. and R. L. Parenti. 1968. Causes of decrease in productivity in undisturbed tall grass prairie. American Journal of Botany. 65:1091-1097.

14. MANAGEMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Richards, M. S. 1972. Management of Kalsow Prairie. Proceedings of the Midwest Prairie Conference. 2:30-31.

15. BURNING, FORBS, GRASSES, PRAIRIE PLANTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Richards, M. S. and R. Q. Landers. 1973. Responses of species in Kalsow Prairie, Iowa, to an April fire. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. 80:159-161.

16. FORBS, TAXONOMY, WILDFLOWERS

Rickett, H. W. 1966. Wild flowers of the United States. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York.

17. HAY, PRAIRIE, REVEGETATION, SEEDS

Ries, R. E., L. Hofmann, and W. C. Whitman. 1980. Potential control and value of seeds in prairie hay for revegetation. Reclamation Review. 3:149-160.

18. CONSERVATION, PRAIRIE PRESERVATION, PRAIRIE REMNANTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Riskind, D. H. and O. B. Collins. 1975. The Blackland Prairie of Texas: conservation of representative climax remnants, p. 361-367, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press. Grand Forks, North Dakota.

19. PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT, PRAIRIE RESTORATION, STATE PARKS

Riskind, D. H. and A. G. Davis. 1975. Prairie management and restoration in the state parks of Texas, p. 369-373, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

20. CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE, GRASSES, GRASS SEEDLINGS

Risser, G. P. and F. L. Johnson. 1973. Carbon dioxide exchange characteristics of some prairie grass seedlings. Southwest Naturalist. 18:85-91.

21. ECOSYSTEMS, NITROGEN CYCLE, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Risser, P. G. and W. J. Parton. 1982. Ecosystem analysis of the tallgrass prairie: nitrogen cycle. Ecology. 63:1342-1351.

22. HABITAT, PRAIRIE, PRAIRIE CHICKEN

Robel, R. J., J. N. Briggs, J. J. Cebula, N. J. Silvy, C. E. Viers, and P. G. Watt. 1970. Greater prairie chicken ranges, movements, and habitat usage in Kansas. Journal of Wildlife Management. 34:286-306.

23. ECOSYSTEMS, FORBS, GAYFEATHER, PLANT COMMUNITIES, PRAIRIE PLANTS

Roberts, T. M., T. Robson, and P. M. Catling. 1977. Factors maintaining a disjunct community of Liatris spicata and other prairie species in Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany. 55:593-605.

24. DROUGHT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Robertson, J. H. 1939. A quantitative study of true-prairie vegetation after three years of extreme drought. Ecological Monographs. 9:431-492.

25. BIG SAGEBRUSH, COMPETITION, PRAIRIE GRASSES

26. SEEDING

Robertson, J. H. and C. K. Pearse. 1945. Artificial reseeding and the closed community. Northwest Science. 19:58-66.

27. BURNING, COMPETITION, DEFOLIATION, RESPORATION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Robocker, C. W. and B. J. Miller. 1955. Effects of clipping, burning, and competition on establishment of some native grasses in Wisconsin. Journal of Range Management. 8:117-121.

28. PROPAGATION, PRAIRIE PLANTS

Rock, Harold W. 1971. Prairie propagation handbook. Boerner Botanical Gardens, Hales Corners, Wisconsin. 76 pages.

29. PLANT COMMUNITIES, PRAIRIE PLANTS, PRAIRIE PENINSULA, PRAIRIE REMNANTS, VEGETATION

Rodgers, C. S. and R. C. Anderson. 1979. Pre-Settlement vegetation of 2 prairie peninsula counties Illinois, USA. Botanical Gazette. 140:232-240.

30. ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Rohr, F. and J. Potzger. 1951. Forest and prairie in three northwestern Indiana counties. Butler University Botanical Studies. 10:61-70.

31. SHRUBS, TAXONOMY, TREES

Rosendahl, C. O. and F. K. Buttes. 1928. Trees and shrubs of Minnesota. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

32. FLORA, PRAIRIE, TAXONOMY

Rydberg, P. Axel. 1932. Flora of the prairies and plains of central North America. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, New York.

33. FLORA, PRAIRIE, TAXONOMY

Rydberg, P. Axel. 1954. Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, New York.


S

1. ESTABLISHMENT, FORBS, SEEDING DATES, WILDFLOWERS

Salac, Sotero S., Jayne Traeger, and Peter Jensen. 1982. Effect of seeding dates on field establishment of wildflowers. Hortscience. 17:805-806.

2. GRASSES, SOD SEEDING

Samson, J. F. and L. E. Moser. 1982. Sod seeding perennial grasses into eastern Nebraska pastures. Agronomy Journal. 74:1055-1060.

3. FORBS, PRAIRIE, WILDFLOWERS

Sanford, L. 1978. Flowers of the late summer prairie. Minnesota Horticulturist. 106:184-186.

4. FORBS, PRAIRIE, WILDFLOWERS

Sanford, L. 1979. Spring prairie flowers. Minnesota Horticulturist. 107:96-101.

5. ECOLOGY, MIXED PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Sarvis, J. T. 1920. Composition and density of the native vegetation in the vicinity of the Northern Great Plains Field Station. Journal of Agricultural Research. 19:63-72.

6. BURNING, ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE

Sauer, C. O. 1950. Grassland climax, fire, and man. Journal of Range Management. 3:16-21.

7. BIOGEOGRAPHY, PLANTS, PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE

Scanlan, M. J. 1981. Biogeography of forest plants in the prairie-forest ecotone in western Minnesota. Ecological Studies: Analysis and Synthesis. 41:97-124.

8. PLANTS, PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE, VEGETATION

Schimmelpfennig, D. and G. Clambey. 1980. Vegetation studies in the prairie-forest transition region. III. Forest vegetation of Buffalo River State Park and Bluestem Prairie. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science. 34:20.

9. ARTHROPOD, FOOD CHAIN, INSECTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Schmidt, N. D. and C. L. Kucera. 1975. Arthropod food chain energetics in a Missouri tall grass prairie, p. 143-154, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

10. RESTORATION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Schramm, Peter. 1970. A practical restoration method for tallgrass prairie, In Peter Schramm, Proceedings of a Symposium on Prairie and Prairie Restoration. Special Publication Number 3. Knox College Biology Field Station.

11. RESTORATION, PRAIRIE

Schramm, Peter. 1976. The "do's and don't's" of prairie restoration. Proceedings of the Midwest Prairie Conference. 5:139-150.

12. FORBS, GERMINATION, NEW JERSEY TEA, SEEDS, SEED CONDITIONING

Schramm P. and R. G. Johnson. 1978. Seed conditioning and germination of New-Jersey Tea Ceanothus americanus Rhamnaceae. Proceedings of the Midwest Prairie Conference. 6:222-226.

13. PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Schroeder, Walter A. 1981. Presettlement prairie of Missouri. Natural History Series Number 2. Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia, Missouri.

14. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, SUCCESSION

Schulenberg, R. 1967. Prairie in a post-prairie era. The Morton Arboretum Quarterly. 3:17-27.

15. PRAIRIE, RANGELAND, UTILIZATION

Schumacher, C. M. 1975. Rangeland—a proper prairie use, p.419-422, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

16. CATTLE, ECOLOGY, SHEEP, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Schwartz, C. C. and J. E. Ellis. 1981. Feeding ecology and niche separation in some native and domestic ungulates on the shortgrass prairie. The Journal of Applied Ecology. 18:343-353.

17. CANOPY COVER, ECOLOGY, GRASSES, RAINFALL, WEED CONTROL, YIELD

Scifres, C. J., J. L. Mutz, R. E. Whitson, and D. L. Drawe. 1983. Mixed-brush canopy cover-rainfall interrelationships with native grass production. Weed Science. 31:1-4.

18. MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, RADIANT ENERGY

Scoby, Donald Ray. 1968. Utilization of radiant energy in mixed grass prairie. Ph.D. Thesis. North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota. 100 pages.

19. PRAIRIE, VERTEBRATES

Seabloom R. W., R. D. Crawford, and M. G. Mckenna. 1978. Terrestrial vertebrates of southwestern North Dakota, USA. Proceedings of North Dakota Academy of Science. 32:43.

20. ECOLOGY, HABITAT, INSECTS, INSECT DISTRIBUTION, TICKS

Seminar P. J., D. E. Howell, and J. A. Hair. The ecology and behavior of the Lone-Star Tick Acarina Ixodidae Part 1: The relationship between vegetative habitat type and tick abundance and distribution in Cherokee County, Oklahoma. Journal of Medical Entomology. 8:329-335.

21. PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE, SOILS

Severson, R. C. and H. F. Arneman. 1973. Soil characteristics of the forest-prairie ecotone in northwestern-Minnesota. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America. 37:593- 599.

22. VEGETATION

Shantz, H. L. and R. Zon. 1936. The natural vegetation of the United States, p. 1-29, In Atlas of American Agriculture. Part 1, Section E. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

23. NUTRIENTS, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Sheedy, J. D., F. L. Johnson, and P. G. Risser. 1973. A model for phosphorus and potassium flux in a tall-grass prairie. Southwest Naturalist. 18:135-149.

24. ECOLOGY, INSECTS, SUCCESSION

Shelford, Victor E. 1907. Preliminary note on the distribution of the tiger beetle and its relation to plant succession. Biological Bulletin. 14:9-14.

25. ANIMALS, ECOLOGY, SUCCESSION

Shelford, Victor E. 1912. Ecological succession, IV: Vegetation and the control of land animal communities. Biological Bulletin. 23:59-99.

26. ECOLOGY, SUCCESSION

Shelford, Victor E. 1912. Ecological succession, V; Aspects of physiological classification. Biological Bulletin. 23:331-370.

27. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, ROOTS

Shively, S. B. and J. E. Weaver. 1939. Amount of underground plant materials in different grassland climates. Bulletin 21. Conservation and Survey Division. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 68 pages.

28. BIRDS, ECOLOGY, SUCCESSION

Shugart, Herman H. 1968. Ecological succession of breeding bird populations in northwestern Arkansas. Master Thesis. University of Arkansas.

29. ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Sigford, A. E. 1978. Tall grass and trouble. Dillon Press. Minneapolis, Minnesota.

30. GRASSES, TAXONOMY

Silveus, W. A. 1933. Texas grasses. Clegg Company, San Antonio, Texas.

31. ABIOTIC CHARACTERISTICS, ECOLOGY, FORBS, GRASSLANDS, GRASSES, VEGETATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Sims, P. L., J. S. Singh, and W. K. Lauenroth. 1979. The structure and function of 10 western North American grasslands, Part 1: Abiotic and vegetational characteristics. Journal of Ecology. 66:251-286.

32. BLUE GRAMA, BUFFALOGRASS, ROOTS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Singh, J. S. and D. C. Coleman. 1974. Distribution of photo-assimilated 14carbon in the root system of shortgrass prairie. Journal of Ecology. 62:359-365.

33. BIRDS, GRASSLANDS, PRAIRIE USAGE

Skinner, R. M. 1975. Grassland use patterns and prairie bird populations in Missouri, p. 171-180, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: A Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

34. FORBS, GRASSES, PLANT COMPOSITION, PRAIRIE PLANTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, YIELD

Smeins, F. E. and D. E. Olsen. 1970. Species composition and production of a native northwestern Minnesota tall grass prairie. American Midland Naturalist. 84:398-410.

35. HISTORICAL VEGETATION

Smeins, F. E. and R. B. Shaw. 1978. Natural vegetation of Texas and adjacent areas - 1675-1975 bibliography. Miscellaneous Publication 1399. Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

36. HERBICIDES, SOILS

Smith, A. E. 1973. Degradation of dicamba in prairie soils. Weed Research. 13:373-378.

37. HERBICIDES, SOILS

Smith, A. E. 1974. Breakdown of the herbicide dicamba and its degradation product 3,6-dichlorosalicyclic acid in prairie soils. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry. 22:601-605.

38. BURNING, GRASSLANDS, RANGE MANAGEMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Smith, E. F. and C. E. Owensby. 1973. Effects of fire on true prairie grasslands. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings. 12:9-22.

39. MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, NEMATODES, RANGE CONDITION, SOILS

Smolik, J. D. and J. K. Lewis. 1982. Effect of range condition on density and biomass of nematodes in a mixed prairie ecosystem. Journal of Range Management. 35:657-663.

40. GRAZING, PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT, PRAIRIE PLANTS, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Smoliak, S., A. Johnston, M. R. Kilcher, and R. W. Lodge. 1976. Management of prairie rangeland. Publication 1589. Canadian Department of Agriculture. 30 pages.

41. PRAIRIE DOGS, RANGE MANAGEMENT, RODENT CONTROL

Snell, G. P. and B. D. Hlavachick. 1980. Control of prairie dogs-the easy way. Rangelands. 2:239-240.

42. LANDSCAPING, PRAIRIE GRASSES

Snyder, R. 1978. Prairie grasses for gardeners. American Horticulture. 57:32-33.

43. FORBS, GERMINATION, SEEDS

Sorensen, J. T. and D. J. Holden. Germination of native prairie forb seeds. Journal of Range Management. 27:123-126.

44. PESTICIDES, ROOTS, SOILS, SOIL ECOSYSTEM, SOIL ORGANISMS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Stanton, N. L., M. Allen, and M. Campion. 1981. The effect of the pesticide carbofuran on soil organisms and root and shoot production in shortgrass prairie. The Journal of Applied Ecology. 18:417-431.

45. ANATOMY, DUNE PLANTS

Starr, Anna M. 1912. Comparative anatomy of dune plants. Botanical Gazette. 54:265-305.

46. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Steiger, T. L. 1930. Structure of prairie vegetation. Ecology. 11:170-217.

47. SHRUBS, TAXONOMY, TREES

Stephens, H. A. 1973. Woody plants of the north central plains. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

48. FLORA

Stevens, O. A. 1963. Handbook of North Dakota plants. North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies, Fargo, North Dakota.

49. BURNING, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Stewart, O. C. 1951. Burning and natural vegetation in the United States. Geographical Review. 41:317-320.

50. ECOLOGY

Stewart, O. C. 1953. Why the Great Plains are treeless. Colorado Quarterly. 1:40-50.

51. FLORA

Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.

52. REVEGETATION, SHRUBS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Stidham, N. D., J. Powell, F. Gray, and P. I. Claypool. 1982. Establishment, growth, utilization, and chemical composition of introduced shrubs on Oklahoma tall grass prairie. Journal of Range Management. 35:301-304.

53. BLUE GRAMA, FORBS, GRASSES, GRAZING, PLANT DENSITY, RANGE MANAGEMENT, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, SOILS

Stroud, D. W. and H. G. Fisser. 1974. Influence of livestock grazing on growth patterns, plant density, and soil microrelief of a Bouteloua gracilis prairie. International Grassland Congress. 12:347-351.

54. PLANT COMPOSITION, PRAIRIE PLANTS

Struble, P. and G. W. Tomanek. 1971. Survey of the plant population on an ungrazed meadow in north central Kansas, USA. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 74:162-167.

55. GERMINATION, GRASSES

Stubbendieck, J. 1974. Effect of pH on germination of three grass species. Journal of Range Management. 27:78-79.

56. THREADLEAF SEDGE, YIELD

Stubbendieck, J. and Michael A. Foster. 1978. Herbage yield and quality of threadleaf sedge. Journal of Range Management. 31:290-292.

57. EMERGENCE, ESTABLISHMENT, GERMINATION, SAND BLUESTEM

Stubbendieck, J. and Wayne G. McCully. 1972. Factors affecting germination, emergence, and establishment of sand bluestem. Journal of Range Management. 25:383-385.

58. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Stubbendieck, J., Stephan L. Hatch, and Kathie J. Hirsch 1986. North American Range Plants. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska.

59. ESTABLISHMENT, GRASSES, GROWTH, REVEGETATION

Stubbendieck, J., Paul T. Koshi, and Wayne G. McCully. 1973. Establishment and growth of selected grasses. Journal of Range Management. 26:39-41.

60. ECOLOGY, PLAINS POCKET GOPHERS, RODENT CONTROL

Stubbendieck, J., R. Case, Kathie J. Kjar, and M. A. Foster. 1979. Plains pocket gophers-more than a nuisance. Rangelands. 1:3-4.

61. BLUE GRAMA, ECOLOGY

Stubbendieck, J., John L. Launchbaugh, Donald F. Burzlaff, and Wayne G. McCully. 1973. Stoloniferous blue grama. Journal of Range Management. 26:230-231.

62. BURNING, GRAZING, GRASSES, PRAIRIE, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Sullins, W. S. 1981. Wildfires tame prairie grasses for grazing. Extension Review. 101:8-9.

63. HERBIVORES, GRASSES, PRAIRIE DOGS

Summers, C. A. and R. L. Linder. 1978. Food habits of the black-tailed prairie dog in western South Dakota. Journal of Range Management. 31:134-136.

64. SLIME MOLDS, SOILS, SOIL MICROORGANISMS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Sutherland, J. B. and K. B. Raper. 1978. Distribution of cellular slime molds in Wisconsin prairie soils. Mycologia. 70:1173-1180.

65. ASPEN, BURNING, RANGE MANAGEMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Svedarsky, W. D. and P. E. Buckley. 1975. Some interactions of fire, prairie and aspen (Populus tremuloides) in northwest Minnesota, p. 115-121, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

66. GRASSES, GERMINATION, GIBERELLIC ACID, GROWTH HORMONES, SEEDS

Svedarsky, W. D. and C. L. Kucera. 1970. Effects of giberellic acid and post-harvest age on germination of prairie grasses. Iowa State Journal of Science. 44:513-518.


T

1. PLANT COMPOSITION, RANGE CONDITION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Tarr, J., G. Botkin, E. L. Rice, E. Carpenter, and M. Hart. 1980. A broad analysis of fifteen sites in the tall-grass prairie of Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. 60:39-42.

2. BEES, ECOLOGY, FORBS, INSECTS, POLLINATION, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Tepedina, V. J. 1982. Flower visitation and pollen collection records for bees of high altitude shortgrass prairie in southwestern Wyoming. The Southwestern Entomologist. 7:16-25.

3. BEES, COMPETITION, PLANT DIVERSITY, PRAIRIE PLANTS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Tepedina, V. J. and N. L. Stanton. 1981. Diversity and competition in bee-plant communities on short-grass prairie. Oikos. 36:35-44.

4. PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, WILDLIFE

Tester, J. R. and W. H. Marshall. 1962. Minnesota prairie management techniques and their wildlife implications. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. 27:267-287.

5. GRASSES, FORBS, FLORA, PLANT COMPOSITION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Thompson, D. L. 1977. Floristic study of the Olin Natural Area Illinois, USA. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. 70:196.

6. RELIC PRAIRIE, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Thomson, J. W. 1940. Relic prairie areas in central Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs. 10:685-717.

7. NUTRIENTS, PRAIRIE, RUNOFF

Timmons, D. R. and R. F. Holt. 1977. Nutrient losses in surface runoff from a native prairie. Journal of Environmental Quality. 6:369-373.

8. GRASSES, NITROGEN, NUTRIENTS, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Tjepkema, J. D. and R. H. Burris. 1976. Nitrogenase activity associated with some Wisconsin prairie grasses. Plant and Soil. 45:81-94.

9. ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Transeau, E. N. 1935. The prairie peninsula. Ecology. 16:423-437.

10. FORBS, GRASSES, LONGEVITY

Treshow, M. and K. Harper. 1974. Longevity of perennial forbs and grasses. Oikos, 25:93-96.

11. BURNING, GRASSES, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Trlica, M. J. and J. L. Schuster. 1969. Effects of fire on grasses of the Texas High Plains. Journal of Range Management. 22:329-333.

12. ECOLOGY, PLANT COMMUNITIES, PRAIRIE-FOREST ECOTONE, PRAIRIE PLANTS

Tryon, C. A. and N. W. Easterly. 1975. Plant communities of the Irwin Prairie and adjacent wooded areas. Castanea. 23:201-212.

13. REMOTE SENSING, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Tucker, C. J., L. D. Miller, and R. L. Pearson. 1975. Shortgrass prairie spectral measurements. Photogramm Eng. Remote Sensing. 41:1157-1162.


U

1. BLUE BUNCH WHEATGRASS, BURNING, FORBS, GRASSES, GRAZING, PLANT BIOMASS, PRAIRIE PLANTS, RANGE MANAGEMENT, SANDBERG BLUEGRASS, VEGETATION

Uresk, D. W., J. F. Cline, W. H. Rickard, V. D. Charles, L. F. Nelson, M. A. Combs, C. A. Lee, and L. E. Rendall. 1976. Dynamics of biomass and crown estimates for Agropyron spicatum, Poa sandbergii and Forbs vegetation subjected to grazing and burning. Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research. 1975 (pt. 2):189.


V

1. PLANTS, TAXONOMY

Van Bruggen, Theodore. 1985. The vascular plants of South Dakota. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.

2. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE MARSHES, YIELD

Van der Valk, A. G. and C. B. Davis. 1978. Primary production of prairie glacial marshes. Freshwater Wetlands. 1978:21-37.

3. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE MARSHES, SEED BANKS, VEGETATION

Van der Valk, A. G. and C. B. Davis. 1978. The role of seed banks in the vegetation dynamics of prairie glacial marshes. Ecology. 59:322-335.

4. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE MARSH, SEED BANK, SUCCESSION, VEGETATIONAL HISTORY

Van der Valk, A. G. and C. B. Davis. 1979. A reconstruction of the recent vegetational history of a prairie marsh, Eagle Lake, Iowa, from its seed bank. Aquatic Botany. 6:29-51.

5. VEGETATION

Vankat, J. L. 1979. The natural vegetation of North America. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York.

6. SHRUBS, TAXONOMY, TREES, VINES

Vines, Robert A. 1960. Trees, shrubs and woody vines of the southwest. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas.

7. BURNING, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, WILDLIFE

Vogl, R. J. 1967. Controlled burning for wildlife in Wisconsin. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. 6:47-96.

8. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE PLANTS, SUCCESSION

Vogl, R. J. 1969. 130 years of plant succession in a southeastern Wisconsin lowland. Ecology. 50:248-255.

9. FORBS, GERMINATION, SEED, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Voigt, J. W. 1977. Seed germination of true prairie forbs. Journal of Range Management. 30:439-441.

10. ECOLOGY, GRAZING, PRAIRIE

Voigt, J. W. and J. E. Weaver. 1951. Range Condition classes of native midwestern pastures: an ecological analysis. Ecological Monographs. 21:39-61


W

1. PRAIRIE NURSERY

Wade, D. E. and D. R. Wade. 1975. Windrift Prairie Nursery: story of a small commercial enterprise, p. 405-410, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

2. PRAIRIE INVENTORY

Wagner, R. H. 1975. The American prairie inventory: a preliminary report, p. 349-352, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

3. ANTS, ECOLOGY, ECOSYSTEMS, INSECTS, MICROCLIMATE, SOILS, VEGETATION

Wali, M. K. and P. B. Kannowski. 1975. Prairie ant mound ecology: interrelationships of microclimate, soils and vegetation, p. 155-169, In M. K. Wali, Prairie: a Multiple View. University of North Dakota Press, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

4. BLUESTEM, ECOLOGY, ECOSYSTEMS, PLANT COMMUNITIES, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Wali, M. K., G. W. DeWald, and S. M. Jalal. 1973. Ecological aspects of some bluestem communities in the Red River Valley. Bulletin of Torrey Botanical Club. 100:339-348.

5. CANOPY COVER, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, PLANT BIOMASS, REMOTE SENSING

Waller, S. S., M. A. Brown, and J. K. Lewis. 1981. Factors involved in estimating green biomass by canopy spectroreflectance measurements. Journal by Range Management. 34:105-108.

6. GRASSES, GRASS EVALUATION, YIELD

Warnes, D. D., L. C. Newell, and W. J. Moline. 1971. Performance evaluation of some warm-season prairie grasses in Nebraska environments. Research Bulletin Number 241. Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. 55 pages.

7. FLORA, TAXONOMY

Waterfall, U. T. 1962. Keys to the flora of Oklahoma. Oklahoma State University Press, Stillwater, Oklahoma.

8. ECOLOGY, SUCCESSION, VEGETATION

Watt, A. S. 1947. Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal of Ecology. 35:1-22.

9. ECOLOGY, GRASSES, ROOT DEVELOPMENT

Weaver, J. E. 1920. Root development in the grassland formation. Publication Number 292. Carnegie Institute, Washington, D.C. 151 pages.

10. GRASSES, PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. 1931. Who's who among prairie grasses. Ecology. XII :623-632.

11. COMPETITION, ECOLOGY, WESTERN WHEATGRASS, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. 1942. Competition of western wheatgrass with relict vegetation of prairies. American Journal of Botany. 29:366-372.

12. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, GRAZING, MIXED PRAIRIE, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. 1943. Replacement of true prairie by mixed prairie in eastern Nebraska and Kansas. Ecology. 24:421-434.

13. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, RECOVERY

Weaver, J. E. 1944. Recovery of midwestern prairies from drought. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 88:125-131.

14. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, GRAZING, STABILIZATION

Weaver, J. E. 1950. Stabilization of midwestern grassland. Ecological Monographs. 20:253-270.

15. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, SUCCESSION

Weaver, J. E. 1954. A seventeen-year study of plant succession in prairie. American Journal of Botany. 41:31-38.

16. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. 1954. North American prairie. Johnsen Publishing Company, Lincoln, Nebraska. 348 pages.

17. ECOLOGY, FORBS, ROOTS

Weaver, J. E. 1958. Classification of root systems of forbs of grassland and a consideration of their significance. Ecology. 39:393-401.

18. ECOLOGY, ROOT SYSTEMS

Weaver, J. E. 1958. Summary and interpretation of underground development in natural grassland communities. Ecological Monographs. 28:55-78.

19. ABUNDANCE, GRASSES, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. 1960. Extent of communities and abundance of the most common grasses in prairie. Botanical Gazette. 122:25-33.

20. ECOLOGY, ECOTONE, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. 1960. Floodplain vegetation of the central Missouri Valley and contacts of woodland with prairie. Ecological Monographs. 30:37-64.

21. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, SOILS

Weaver, J. E. 1961. The living network in prairie soils. Botanical Gazette. 123:16-28.

22. ECOLOGY, SOD, SOILS

Weaver, J. E. 1963. The wonderful prairie sod. Range Management. 16:165-171.

23. PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Journal of Weaver, J. E. 1965. Native vegetation of Nebraska. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln, Nebraska. 185 pages.

24. ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTS, PRAIRIE PLANTS

Weaver, J. E. 1968. Prairie plants and their environments: a fifty-year study in the midwest. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln, Nebraska. 276 pages.

25. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. and F. W. Albertson. 1936. Effects of the great drought on the prairies of Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas. Ecology. 17:567-639.

26. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. and F. W. Albertson. 1939. Major changes in grassland as a result of continued drought. Botanical Gazette. 100:576-591.

27. DETERIORATION, DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. and F. W. Albertson. 1940. Deterioration of grassland from stability to denudation with decrease in soil moisture. Botanical Gazette. 101:598-624.

28. DETERIORATION, DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. and F. W. Albertson. 1940. Deterioration of midwestern ranges. Ecology. 21:216-236.

29. DROUGHT, FORBS, GRASSES, ROOTS

Weaver, J. E. and F. W. Albertson. 1943. Resurvey of grasses, forbs, and underground plant parts at the end of the Great Drought. Ecological Monographs. 13:64-117.

30. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, RECOVERY, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. and F. W. Albertson. 1944. Nature and degree of recovery of grassland from the Great Drought of 1933 to 1940. Ecological Monographs. 14:393-479.

31. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, UTILIZATION, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. and F. W. Albertson. 1956. Grasslands of the Great Plains, their nature and use. Johnsen Publishing Company, Lincoln, Nebraska. 395 pages.

32. ECOLOGY, SUCCESSION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. and W. E. Bruner. 1945. A seven-year quantitative study of succession in grassland. Ecological Monographs. 15:297-319.

33. ECOLOGY, ECOTONE, MIXED PRAIRIE, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. and W. E. Bruner. 1954. Nature and place of transition from true prairie to mixed prairie. Ecology. 35:117-126.

34. ECOLOGY

Weaver, J. E. and F. E. Clements. 1938. Plant ecology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York, New York, 601 pages.

35. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. and R. W. Darland. 1944. Grassland patterns in 1940. Ecology. 25:202-215.

36. ECOLOGY, GRAZING, LOWLAND PRAIRIE, YIELD

Weaver, J. E. and R. W. Darland. 1948. Changes in vegetation and production of forage resulting from grazing lowland prairie. Ecology. 29:1-29.

37. DOMINANTS, ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. and T. J. Fitzpatrick. 1932. Ecology and relative importance of the dominants of tall-grass prairie. Botanical Gazette. 93:113-150.

38. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. and T. J. Fitzpatrick. 1934. The prairie. Ecological Monographs. 4:109-295.

39. CLIMAX STABILITY, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT, PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. and Evan L. Flory. 1934. Stability of climax prairie and some environmental changes resulting from breaking. Ecology. XV:333-347.

40. ECOLOGY, SAND DROPSEED, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. and Walter W. Hansen. 1939. Increase of Sporobolus cryptandrus in pastures of eastern Nebraska. Ecology. 20:374-381.

41. DEGENERATION, DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, GRAZING, PRAIRIES, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E. and Walter W. Hansen. 1941. Native midwestern pastures: their origin, composition, and degeneration. Bulletin 22. Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 93 pages.

42. ECOLOGY, PRAIRIES, PROTECTION, REGENERATION

Weaver, J. E. and Walter W. Hansen. 1941. Regeneration of native midwestern pastures under protection. Bulletin 23. Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 91 pages.

43. ECOLOGY, EROSION, ROOTS, SOILS

Weaver, J. E. and George W. Harmon. 1935. Quantity of living plant materials in prairie soils in relation to run off and soil erosion. Bulletin 8. Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 53 pages.

44. ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT, PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. and W. J. Himmel. 1931. The environment of the prairie. Bulletin 5. Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 50 pages.

45. DEFOLIATION, ECOLOGY, VEGETATION, YIELD

Weaver, J. E. 1939. Effect of frequent clipping on plant production in prairie and pasture. American Midland Naturalist. 21:396-414.

46. BUR OAK, ECOLOGY, ECOTONE, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Weaver, J. E. and Joseph Kramer. 1932. Root system of Quercus macrocarpa in relation to the invasion of prairie. Botanical Gazette. 96:51-85.

47. ECOLOGY, EROSION, PLANT PARTS, ROOTS, SOILS

Weaver, J. E. and Joseph Kramer. 1935. Relative efficiency of roots and tops of plants in protecting the soil from erosion. Science. 82:354-355.

48. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, RECOVERY, SEEDLINGS

Weaver, J. E. and Irene M. Mueller. 1942. Role of seedlings in recovery of midwestern ranges from drought. Ecology. 23:275-294.

49. CULTIVATION, EROSION, PASTURE, PRAIRIE, RUNOFF

Weaver, J. E. and Wm. C. Noll. 1935. Comparison of runoff and erosion in prairie, pasture, and cultivated land. Bulletin 11. Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 37 pages.

50. EROSION, MEASUREMENT, RUNOFF

Weaver, J. E. and Wm. C. Noll. 1935. Measurement of runoff and soil erosion by a single investigator. Ecology. XVI:1-12.

51. DEVELOPMENT, ECOLOGY, MULCH, STRUCTURE, YIELD

Weaver, J. E. and N. W. Rowland. 1952. Effects of excessive mulch on development, yield, and structure of native grassland. Botanical Gazette. 114:1-19.

52. ECOLOGY, ECOTONE, PRAIRIE, WOODLAND

Weaver, J. E. and Albert F. Thiel. 1917. Ecological studies in the tension zone between pasture and woodland. Number 1 (new series). Botanical Survey of Nebraska. 60 pages.

53. DEGENERATION, ECOLOGY, ROOTS, SUCCESSION

Weaver, J. E. and John W. Voigt. 1950. Monolith method of root-sampling in studies on succession and degeneration. Botanical Gazette. 111:286-299.

54. DISTRIBUTION, ECOLOGY, ORGANIC MATTER, ROOTS, SOILS

Weaver, J. E., V. H. Hougen, and M. D. Weldon. 1935. Relation of root distribution to organic matter in prairie soils. Botanical Gazette. 96:389-420.

55. DROUGHT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E., Joseph H. Robertson, and Robert L. Fowler. 1940. Changes in true prairie during drought as determined by list quadrats. Ecology. 21:357-362.

56. DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Weaver, J. E., L. A. Stoddart, and Wm. Noll. 1935. Response of the prairie to the great drought of 1934. Ecology. XVI:612-629.

57. ECOLOGY, ECOSYSTEMS, GRASSLANDS, YIELD

Webb, Warren L., William K. Lauenroth, Stan R. Szarek, and Russell S. Kinerson. 1983. Primary production and abiotic controls in forests, grasslands, and desert ecosystems in the United States.

58. ECOLOGY, GRASSLANDS

Wedel, W. R. 1957. The central North American grassland:man-made or natural? Social Sciences Monograph. 111:39-69.

59. ECOLOGY, PLANT COMMUNITIES, PRAIRIE PLANTS

Wells, J. R. 1979. The ecology of plant communities in temperate regions. Plants, People and Environment. 13:542 pages.

60. ECOLOGY, GRASSLAND SOILS

Wells, P. V. 1965. Scarp woodland, transported grassland soils, and concept of grassland climate in the Great Plains region. Science. 148:246-249.

61. VEGETATION

Wells, P. V. 1970. Postglacial vegetational history of the Great Plains. Science. 167:1574-1582.

62. ECOLOGY, GOLDENRODS, FORBS

Werner, P. A. and W. J. Platt. 1976. Ecological relationships of concurring goldenrods Solidago Compositae. American Naturalist. 110:959-971.

63. BURNING, NITROGEN, NUTRIENTS, PHOSPHORUS, PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT, SOILS

White, E. M. and F. R. Gartner. 1975. Immediate effects of prairie fire on the soil nitrates, ammonium, available phosphorus and total N contents. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science. 54:188-193.

64. BURNING, NUTRIENTS, SOILS

White, E. M., W. W. Thompson, and F. R. Gartner. 1973. Heat effects on nutrient release from soils under ponderosa pine. Journal of Range Management. 26:22-24.

65. GRAZING, MICROCLIMATE, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Whitman, W. C. 1974. Influence of grazing on the microclimate of mixed grass prairie. Miscellaneous Publications of the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. 1271:207-218.

66. DISTURBANCE, PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT, SOIL MICROORGANISMS

Wicklow, D. T. 1973. Microfungal populations in surface soils of manipulated prairie stands. Ecology. 54:1302-1310.

67. ASCOMYCETE, BURNING, FUNGAL BLOOM, PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Wicklow, D. T. 1975. Fire as an environmental cue initiating ascomycete development in a tallgrass prairie. Mycologia. 67:852-862.

68. REVEGETATION, SEEDING, RANGE MANAGEMENT

Wiens, J. K., Robert W. Lodge, and A. Johnston. 1969. Seeding prairie rangelands, a management and economic guide. Canada, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 25 pages.

69. FERTILIZATION, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, PLANT COMMUNITIES, SOIL MOISTURE, WATER RECHARGE

Wight, J. R. and A. L. Black. 1978. Soil water use and recharge in a fertilizer mixed prairie plant community. Journal of Range Management. 31:280-282.

70. VEGETATION

Wilhelm, G. S. 1980. Report on the special vegetation of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. National Park Service.

71. GRAZING, MIXED PRAIRIE

Willard, E. E. and L. Herman. 1977. Grazing study in the Missouri Breaks. Special report. Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station. 77 pages.

72. BLUE GRAMA, ECOLOGY, GRASSES, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE, TEMPERATURE, WESTERN WHEATGRASS

Williams, G. J. III. 1974. Photosynthetic adaptation to temperature in C3 and C4 grasses: A possible ecological role in the shortgrass prairie. Plant Physiology. 54:709-711.

73. ECOLOGY, HISTORY, PRAIRIE MANAGEMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Willson, Gary. 1983. Prairie management perpetuates historic scene at Pipestone. Park Science. 3:21-22.

74. GRASSES, SEEDING

Wilson, J. 1970. How to get a good stand of native prairie grass in Nebraska, In Peter Schramm, Proceedings of a Symposium on Prairie and Prairie Restoration. Special Publication Number 3. Knox College Biology Field Station.

75. GRASSES, PLANT STAND, REVEGETATION, SEEDING, SPECIES SELECTION

Wilson, J. 1971. Effect of variety choice on stand establishment of native grasses in prairie reconstructions and pasture seedings. Soil Conservation Society of America Proceedings. 26:58-66.

76. ASHE JUNIPER, BURNING, VEGETATION

Wink, R. L. and H. A. Wright. 1973. Effects of fire on an ashe juniper community. Journal of Range Management. 26:326-329.

77. QUAIL, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE

Wiseman, D. S. 1977. Food habits and weights of bobwhite from northeastern Oklahoma tall grass prairie. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. 57:110-115.

78. LANDSCAPING, PRAIRIE RESTORATION

Woehler, E. 1976. Creating a prairie. Wisconsin Natural Resource Bulletin. 41:18-19.

79. ESTABLISHMENT, FORBS, GRASSES, HERBICIDE USE

Woehler, Eugene E. and Mark A. Martin. 1976. Establishment of prairie grasses and forbs with use of herbicides. Proceedings of the Midwest Prairie Conference. 5:131-138.

80. ECOSYSTEMS, NITROGEN, NUTRIENTS, SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE

Woodmansee, R. G., J. L. Dodd, R. A. Bowman, F. E. Clark, and C. E. Dickinson. 1978. Nitrogen budget of a shortgrass prairie ecosystem. Oecologia. 34:363-376.

81. BURNING, TOBOSAGRASS

Wright, H. A. 1969. Effect of spring burning on tobosagrass. Journal of Range Management. 22:425-427.

82. BURNING, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, RANGE MANAGEMENT, YIELD

Wright,. H. A. 1974. Effect of fire on southern mixed prairie grasses. Journal of Range Management. 27:417-419.

83. BURNING

Wright, H. A. 1974. Range Burning. Journal of Range Management. 27:5-11.

84. BURNING, ECOLOGY, RESEARCH REVIEW

Wright, H. A. and Arthur W. Bailey. 1980. Fire ecology and prescribed burning in the Great Plains - A research review. General Technical Report INT-77. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah. 60 pages.

85. BURNING, ECOLOGY, PRAIRIE

Wright, H. A. and Arthur W. Bailey. 1982. Fire ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York. 501 pages.


Y

1. ECOTYPES, PLANT ESTABLISHMENT, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION

Yoder, L. R. 1981. Establishment of prairie vegetation from local ecotypes in Marion County, Ohio, USA. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. 89:94.

2. BURNING, DEMOGRAPHY, FIRE HISTORY, WESTERN JUNIPER

Young, James A. and Raymond A. Evans. 1981. Demography and fire history of a western juniper stand. Journal of Range Management. 34:501-506.

3. ALLELOPATHY, GRASSES, MIXED GRASS PRAIRIE, SEEDLING EMERGENCE, SEEDLING GROWTH, SMALL SOAPWEED

Young, W. E. and G. K. Hulett. 1968. Emergence and growth of six mixed prairie grasses under the influence of Yucca glauca extract. Kansas Academy of Science Transactions. 71:136-144.

4. COLLECTING SEEDS, GERMINATING SEEDS, PROCESSING SEEDS

Young, James A., Raymond A. Evans, Burgess L. Kay, Richard E. Owen, and Jerry Budy. 1981. Collecting, processing, and germinating seeds of western wildland plants. Agricultural Reviews and Manuals, Western Series Number 3. United States Department of Agriculture, Oakland, California. 44 pages.


Z

1. BURNING, FUNGI, MICROORGANISMS

Zak, J. C. and D. T. Wicklow. 1980. Structure and composition of a post fire ascomycete community on the role of abiotic and biotic factors. Canadian Journal of Botany. 58:1 915-1922.

2. PLANT BIOMASS, PLANT COMPOSITION, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, VEGETATION, YIELD

Zimmerman, U. D. and C. L. Kucera. 1977. Effects of composition changes on productivity and biomass relationships in tallgrass prairie. American Midland Naturalist. 97:465-469.


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