NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES for the Historical Areas of the National Park System

DISCUSSION

Except as may be directed otherwise in the specific statute establishing an area, use of historical areas is directed by the congressional mandate "to provide for the enjoyment" of the parks, monuments, and reservations "* * * in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the use of future generations" (Act of August 25, 1916) and the congressional policy expressed in the Historic Sites Act of August 21, 1935, as follows:

It is a national policy to preserve for public use historic sites, buildings and objects of national significance for the inspiration and benefit of the people of the United States.

Further, the Historic Sites Act provides that the Secretary of the Interior should:

Operate and manage historic and archaeological sites, buildings, and properties acquired under the provisions of this Act together with lands and subordinate buildings for the benefit of the public, such authority to include the power to charge reasonable visitation fees and grant concessions, leases, or permits for the use of land, building space, roads, or trails when necessary or desirable either to accommodate the public or to facilitate administration * * *

* * * * * *

Develop an educational program and service for the purpose of making available to the public facts and information pertaining to American historic and archaeologic sites, buildings, and properties of national significance.

The quality of use of historical areas depends on creative understanding by the visitor of the historical resource and its place in American history. The information and interpretive program for each area is, therefore, based upon the primary historical resources and its objective is to help visitors to comprehend intellectually and emotionally the significance of these resources to Americans.

Except for purely memorial structures (Washington Monument, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial), visitor use is usually connected with the presentation and use of tangible physical evidence associated with a historic event, culture, or person. Since the historical significance often transcends the physical remains, the visitor-use program will strive to inspire broader interest and comprehension, using a variety of techniques.

Restoration or reconstruction of the historic environment, the use of period costumes, living farms, and other demonstrations heighten the feeling of reality. All traditional and modern communication techniques may be employed to enhance visitor interest, enjoyment, and understanding of the Nation's history.

The historical areas may possess opportunities for visitor and resource uses other than those associated with their primary historic significance. Some, like the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, possess distinct recreational attributes, others such as Fort Jefferson possess outstanding natural features. Some areas may be used for programs in environmental education, others for research of various kinds and a few will contain wilderness areas. These uses are to be encouraged to the extent that they do not conflict with, or invalidate, the primary purpose of the park.

ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES

Interpretive Facilities and Services
Appropriate interpretive facilities and services to provide visitor orientation, understanding, and appreciation of the park and its resources, such as visitor centers, museums, amphitheaters, campfire circles, wayside exhibits, signs and markers, interpretive trails, publications, guides, manned and self-help information desks, maps, and audiovisual devices, as appropriate, should be provided.

Living Historical Interpretation
(See Living Historical Interpretation, p. 27, Historic Preservation Policy section.)

Compatible Use of Historic Structures
(See Compatible Use of Historic Structures, p. 27, Historic Preservation Policy section.)

Sale of Native Handicraft and Artifacts
The sale of appropriate handicraft articles associated with or interpretive of an area is encouraged. Such articles shall be clearly labeled as to origin and displayed separately from commercially or mechanically produced souvenirs. Archeological specimens or objects of American Indian origin, such as pottery or arrowheads more than 100 years old, may not be sold regardless of their place of origin. (See also Protection of Antiquities, p. 25, Historic Preservation Policy section.)

Cooperating Associations
Formation and operation of cooperating associations or agencies of existing associations to facilitate the education and interpretive programs of an area, as authorized under Public Law 633, August 7, 1946, shall be encouraged where they contribute to the management of the area.

Memorials
Congress has authorized the placing of monuments at certain battlefield sites by the States whose units were involved in the engagements which they commemorate. Monuments or plaques of a memorial nature commemorating individuals or events may be erected in a historical area or physical features therein may be named for individuals when the association between the area and the individual or event is of transcendent importance. Except for existing memorializations, generally, no individual should be so honored during his lifetime. (See also National Cemeteries, p. 55 this section; the statement of policy of U.S. Board of Geographic Names for applying names of persons to natural features; and the guidelines of National Park Service for making recommendations on geographic name proposals, Appendix E.)

Motion Pictures and Still Photography
The making of still and motion pictures involving the use of professional casts, settings, and crews may be permitted under conditions which protect and perpetuate the integrity of the area in the end product and minimize the impact on the resources and the public's normal use of the area. (See Title 43, Section 5.1, and Title 36, Section 5.5, Code of Federal Regulations.)

Recreational Activities
Appropriate visitor use includes not only interpretation of an area's historical significance, but appreciation and enjoyment of the historic setting which may provide appropriate outdoor recreational opportunities. Recreational activities which facilitate visitor enjoyment of the primary resources of the area, or are inspired by its historical character and features, are to be encouraged and facilities provided for them to the extent that they do not adversely affect the integrity of the historical resources of the area or the primary visitor use of the area. Examples of appropriate outdoor recreational uses are sightseeing, hiking, photography, bicycling, picnicking, horseback riding, and fishing. Moreover, some areas offer additional outdoor recreational opportunities not associated with or inspired by the historical significance of the area, such as water-oriented recreation and organized competitive sports, i.e., swimming, baseball, etc. These activities, also, are encouraged and facilities provided for them to the extent they do not adversely affect the integrity of the historical resources of the area or the primary visitor use of the area. Boats used for residential purposes, either permanently or for extended periods, are not permitted. (See also Residential Facilities, p. 64, Physical Developments Policy section.)

Camping and Campgrounds
Campground Location. Where camping accommodations, facilities, and services are available outside a historical area, or where it is feasible for them to be developed by other Government agencies or private enterprise for this purpose outside a historical area, such accommodations, facilities, and services should not be provided within the area.

Such camping accommodations, facilities, and services as may be provided within a historical area for public use and enjoyment of the area will be located and designed with the greatest care for the preservation of the historic scene and the resources of the area.

Campground Operation. Insofar as practicable, campgrounds should be developed and operated by private enterprise under contractual arrangements with the Service.

Each campground shall be operated and maintained within its design capacity. Individual sites or entire loops should be rested and, if necessary, renovated on a rotational basis. Innovative and creative use of modern techniques is encouraged, including periodic restoration of native plant material, reseeding with native grasses, use of commercial fertilizers, portable irrigation systems, and surfacing of heavy use areas with inert materials.

No overflow or excess use of a campground or individual campsite will be permitted. To accommodate visitors, advance reservation of campsites and limitations on length of continuous use by one camping party may be imposed.

Sites or facilities within campgrounds may not be utilized as permanent or seasonal residences by persons not engaged in on-site public services or protection of property within the area.

Campground Size, Design, and Facilities
Except as may be approved by the Director in specific locations, campgrounds should be limited to 250 sites and designed so as to permit areas of separation between campsites which can be managed to retain as much as possible the natural environment. Play areas for tots and pre-school-age children may be provided. Campground design should make provision for the use of charcoal or other fuels or central cook sheds on those occasions when, and at locations where, it may be necessary by reason of fire danger, air pollution, or other hazards to limit the use of wood for fires at individual campsites. Where feasible, tent camping should be provided in separate campgrounds or in separately designated areas within campgrounds.

Each campground should have such interpretive facilities as may be required for the camper's appreciation and understanding of park values.

Group Camping
Where space permits, provision should be made for accommodating organized camping groups, particularly youth groups, either in separate campgrounds or in camping sites adjacent to, but separated from, individual sites within formal campgrounds. However, such accommodations should not be assigned to the continuous and exclusive use of any one particular special-interest group. Permanent facilities for group camping should be limited to those necessary for group cooking, sanitation, and interpretive programs.

To accommodate demand, advance reservation of facilities and limitations on length of continuous use by one camping party may be imposed. In allotting camping privileges, preference should be given to public groups over semi-public groups, and semi-public groups over nonprofit groups and nonprofit groups over private groups, as follows:

1. Public groups are supported wholly by public taxation or public contributions whose membership and programs are open to all. Examples are: schools, park and recreation agency programs, welfare organizations or similar institutions, such as the Salvation Army.

2. Semi-public groups or associations are those whose membership is not open to the general public, but are organized for general recreation, education, public welfare, religious, or philanthropic purposes and are supported in part by public contributions or some sponsoring agency. Examples are: Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, Campfire Girls, church groups, YMCA, YWCA, 4-H Clubs, and Future Farmers of America.

3. Nonprofit groups are those societies or associations supported by assessed membership dues but not operated for profit to the organization or its members, and the benefits of the organization are not entirely confined to its membership. Examples are: American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, service clubs, such as Rotary, Lions, Kiwanis, and the Izaak Walton League.

4. Private groups are those societies or associations with restricted or limited memberships and organized for engaging in enterprises for profit for the benefit of the members only, but confine activities to recreation purposes. Typical examples are: rifle and gun clubs, hunting clubs, boating clubs, fishing clubs, and special organized recreation groups with limited membership.

Collecting without Permits
Collecting, for individual private use, and not for profit or distribution to others, may be permitted for certain renewable resources, such as berries, fruits, mushrooms, and similar edibles for consumption in the area, sea shells, and pine cones, in conformance with regulations promulgated for each historical area. These regulations will specify what items may be collected and under what terms. (See also Protection of Antiquities, p. 25, Historic Preservation Policy section.)

Collecting by Permit
Pursuant to regulations established for each particular historical area, students (from the grade school level upward), researchers, and scientific institutions may make collections, for educational or research purposes, of insects, other invertebrates, vertebrates, plants, and other objects upon receiving a permit for this purpose from the superintendent or his authorized representative. (See also Protection of Antiquities, p. 25, Historic Preservation Policy section.)

Use of Motorized Equipment
Public use of motor vehicles in historical areas shall be confined to designated park roads or other designated overland routes exclusive of foot trails and bridle trails. Public use of portable power equipment, such as generators, power saws, and the like, may be permitted in specifically designated areas.

The off-road use of motorized equipment for official purposes will be carefully planned and controlled to meet the requirements of area management with due regard for the protection of human life and park resources.

Safety and Public Health
Except for historic buildings, the recommended standards for safety and public health prescribed by Federal, State, or local authorities having jurisdiction shall be observed in providing for the health, safety, and well-being of visitors and those employed in historical areas. (See also Recreation Advisory Council Circular No. 3, Policy Governing the Water Pollution and Public Health Aspects of Outdoor Recreation, Appendix B; and Historic Preservation Policy section, p. 19.)

In historic buildings and districts, safety equipment such as fire hydrants, extinguishers, standpipes, and detection systems must be concealed to prevent the visual impairment of the integrity of the structure or district. Visitor aids, such as handrails, paint strips, etc., will be avoided in historic structures unless they were part of the historic architecture or furnishings. Moreover, facilities such as viewing platforms, outdoor stairs, trails, and railings should be as unobtrusive as possible so as to minimize or eliminate the adverse affect of such installations on the integrity and interpretation of a historic property. (See also Historic Preservation Policy section, p. 19.)

Religious Services
Where facilities for organized worship are not available in nearby communities, the Service should cooperate with established groups and organizations by permitting the use of Government-owned facilities for worship services, when such use does not interfere with the normal use of such facilities. Concessioners may also cooperate with such groups in similar circumstances. (See also Concessions and Concessioners, p. 55, this section.)

National Cemeteries
Burials in national cemeteries administered by the National Park Service will be permitted, pursuant to applicable regulations, until available space has been utilized. (See also Report of the Bureau of the Budget to the Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, dated February 12, 1962, Appendix F.)

Natural Resource Interpretation
Visitor use and enjoyment of significant scenic or scientific features in historical areas by means of exhibits, nature trails, and other interpretive devices is encouraged when compatible with the primary historical purpose of the area. Wildlife observation is particularly suitable for many historical areas and should be encouraged by appropriate means.

Concessions and Concessioners
Concession and other business operations in historical areas are authorized under the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended, and the Act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666). The congressionally approved concession policies (P. L. 89-249, 89th Congress) are set forth in Appendix G. The standard contract language approved by the Secretary is incorporated the Service's "Concessions Management Handbook." Administrative policies, dealing with subjects in addition to those in the congressionally approved policies, are as follows:

(a) Site Selection and Construction of Facilities. (See Concession Facilities, p. 65, Physical Developments Policy section.)

(b) Government Development of Concession Facilities. When there is no response from a prospectus, and the facilities are necessary for the accommodation of park visitors, such facilities may be provided by the Government with appropriated funds and made available to responsible private parties for operation. Except in emergency situations, the Government should not engage in the direct operation of concession facilities.

(c) Maintenance of Government-owned Facilities. Concessioners should be required to maintain all Government-owned facilities used in concession operations. To this end, annual maintenance programs shall be required during the term of the contract. Concessioners should not be granted possessory interest in capital improvements made to Government-owned facilities. Where capital improvements, as distinguished from maintenance, are necessary, they may be made by the Government if adequate funds are available, or, if made by the concessioner, should be amortized to avoid dual ownership interests. (See also Maintenance, p. 65, Physical Developments Policy section.)

(d) Insurance. Concessioners should carry such insurance against losses by fire, or other casualty of Government-owned facilities, public liability, employee liability, and other hazards as is customary among prudent operators of similar businesses under comparable circumstances.

(e) Employees. Concessioners should have affirmative action programs to assure equal employment opportunities and adhere to the Department's labor standards and to applicable Federal and State labor laws.

(f) Nondiscrimination in Service. Concessioners and their employees may not discriminate against any individual because of race, creed, color, sex, or national origin.

(g) Advertising Facilities and Services. Advertising of facilities and services should be descriptive, accurate, and in good taste. Billboard advertising is discouraged.

(h) Merchandise. The merchandise sold in historical areas is to be limited to those items and services appropriate and necessary for public use and enjoyment of the areas. All souvenirs and other merchandise offered for sale to visitors must be in good taste. (See also Sale of Native Handicraft and Artifacts, p. 51, this section.)

(i) Campground Operations. (See Camping and Campgrounds, p. 2, this section.)

(j) Alcoholic Beverages. The sale of alcoholic beverages may be permitted in historical areas, subject to applicable Service regulations and State laws.

(k) Conventions. The use of concession facilities for conventions, group meetings, and the like, during seasons of heavy vacation travel, should be discouraged.

(l) Overnight Accommodations. The concessioners shall maintain a reasonable proportion of their accommodations as low-priced accommodations.

(m) Establishment of Concessions. Concession services and facilities are authorized within the historical areas only when necessary and appropriate for public use and enjoyment of the areas, consistent with their preservation. Where adequate facilities and services exist or can be developed by private enterprise outside such areas, such shall not be provided within the historical areas.

(n) Quality of Service. Services offered to the public by concessioners must be satisfactory as judged by recognized standards and the rates for such services must be reasonable as judged by statutory criteria.

Public Assembly
The use of historical areas for public gatherings, meetings, and other forms of expressing viewpoints on social, economic, and political questions is guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States. Solicitor Frank A. Barry expressed this guarantee of expression as follows in a memorandum of March 23, 1965 (See Appendix H for full text of memorandum):

The First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States expressly forbids legislation by Congress "abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for redress of grievances."

Any authority the Secretary of the Interior has to promulgate Regulations is by delegation from Congress. Any limitations on the power of the Congress to legislate would follow such delegation and limit the power of the Executive Branch.

The Supreme Court has recognized that governments must have police power to prevent violence and to protect the safety of persons, property, and other important public and private interests. Such police power, however, cannot justify denial to anyone of the rights guaranteed by the First Amendment merely because such denial tends to prevent the disorders feared. To hold that all speech or any speech can be suppressed or that all gatherings or any gatherings can be forbidden because speech and public gatherings might start arguments or disrupt traffic, all of which might result in someone being inconvenienced or being made uncomfortable, would make the guarantees of the Bill of Rights empty phrases without force.

Consistent with this expression of constitutionally guaranteed rights, the Service observes the following administrative policy concerning demonstrations and other forms of peaceable assembly and freedom of speech:

(a) Demonstrations in the exercise of rights guaranteed by the First Amendment of the Constitution to peaceably assemble and to speak on social, economic, and political matters will be permitted in areas administered by the Service that are open to the public.

(b) Demonstrations may include, but need not be limited to, rallies, parades, marches, speeches, or picketing with or without signs.

(c) Historical areas often include historic resources that are of a fragile character, and excessive numbers of people assembled in them could have a detrimental effect on such historical resources. Accordingly, while demonstrations may be permitted as described in paragraphs (a) and (b), the superintendent should limit the group to a number which can be accommodated without destroying the historical resources. Personnel administering areas shall cooperate with the apparent leadership of demonstrating groups regarding their use of the area. An effort may be made to get the groups to voluntarily agree to limit the number of persons involved, in the interest of minimizing public inconvenience and to limit the duration of the demonstration.

(d) Although law enforcement personnel should be available to maintain law and order, representatives of the Service should not initiate any action against demonstrators prior to a breach of the peace, such as overt physical violence against persons or property.

(e) Areas shall not be closed during the hours they are normally scheduled to be open solely to avoid an expected demonstration in the area or to attempt to restrict a demonstration in progress. Demonstrators will not be forcibly removed in the absence of any breach of the peace committed by them, except after consultation with, and approval of, the Director.

(f) Permits for the use of areas for demonstrations shall be granted on a "first come, first served" basis. Use of a permit system will allow those administering an area to be prepared to accommodate the group which may appear. The issuance of a permit would also serve to avoid possible conflict in the desire of more than one group to use a given area at the same time. Permits will not be denied upon the presumption that speeches or public gatherings would result in a breach of the peace, or would interfere with the comfort, convenience, and interest of the general public, or would disrupt the normal use of the area. Generally, the foregoing will provide every individual or group an opportunity to obtain a permit for a demonstration or assembly. Failure to obtain a permit will not in itself be cause for action leading to prosecution, except after consultation with, and approval of, the Director.

In implementing these policy guidelines, superintendents and their key personnel will develop and maintain close and consistent working relationships with other nearby Federal, State, and local officials and the leadership of local human relations councils in the communities in which they exist. Meetings with law enforcement and other civic officials should be directed to cooperative efforts with them—(a) to exchange information concerning anticipated demonstrations or meetings; (b) to develop arrangements with the leadership of any group planning to demonstrate; (c) to provide for the protection of the rights of participants; and (d) to assure that the demonstration will be conducted in a peaceful and orderly manner. Such contacts will provide an opportunity to explain to community leaders and other officials our policies with respect to demonstrations and meetings.

The Service will be constantly mindful of the responsibility to protect the rights of all visitors and equally alert to provide for the safety of all persons, as well as public and private property, in implementing the assurance of the right of peaceable assembly and free speech. Nothing herein contained shall be construed as preventing the arrest by any peace officer of any individual committing or attempting to commit a criminal act. By the same token, Service personnel on duty at an area in which a demonstration is conducted should not in any way associate themselves either with those conducting the demonstration or with those who may oppose it. (See Title 36, Code of Federal Regulations.)

Official Records
In conformance with legal authorization and existing procedures, the Service shall make available, upon request, those official records affecting the public. (See also Title 43, Code of Federal Regulations, issued pursuant to the Public Information Act of June 5, 1967 (P.L. 90-23) and applicable volumes of the National Park Service Handbook Series.)

DISCUSSION

To become a unit of the National Wilderness Preservation System, each wilderness area must be designated by the Congress. In order to be so designated, each proposed wilderness unit must be clearly identified so that its boundaries may be legally described in the legislation. Thus, the Wilderness Act requires that the Service, hereafter, clearly identify and appropriately describe the boundaries of those lands that are to be recommended to the Congress for wilderness designation, rather than following past Service practice of referring to all undeveloped lands in a park as "wilderness" or "back country." Importantly, however, the Wilderness Act of 1964 does not establish any new standard or criteria for national park wilderness use and management. For example, the Wilderness Act specifically provides that:

Nothing in this Act shall modify the statutory authority under which units of the National Park System are created.

The Wilderness Act recognizes, moreover, that all lands which may be included in the National Wilderness Preservation System are not to be managed alike. For example, the Wilderness Act provides for certain multiple uses in wilderness areas of the national forests designated by the act, such as existing grazing; mineral prospecting until 1984 and mining (with authority to construct transmission lines, waterlines, telephone lines, and utilize timber for such activities); and water conservation and power projects as authorized by the President.

No such lowering of park values is contemplated by the Wilderness Act for wilderness lands designated by the Congress in historical areas, since that act provides, in part, that:

* * * the designation of any area of any park * * * as a wilderness area pursuant to this Act shall in no manner lower the standards evolved for the use and preservation of such park * * * in accordance with the Act of August 25, 1916, [and] the statutory authority under which the area was created * * *.

Moreover, the status of those parklands not included by the Congress in the National Wilderness Preservation System remains unique pursuant to previously existing National Park Service legislation, for the Wilderness Act does not contemplate the lowering of park values on these remaining parklands not designated legislatively as "wilderness," nor does the management of such lands compete with any other resource use.

Of course, when Congress designates wilderness units within the historical areas for inclusion in the National Wilderness Preservation System, it may prescribe such standards and criteria for their use and management as it deems advisable.

ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES

Management Facilities, Practices, and Uses
Only those structures, management practices, and uses necessary for management and preservation of the wilderness qualities of an area will be permitted. These would include, but need not be limited to, patrol cabins, limited facilities associated with saddle-and-pack stock control, and structures needed in programs for the protection and preservation of prehistoric ruins.

Fire Control
Wildfire will be controlled as necessary to prevent unacceptable loss of wilderness values, loss of life, damage to property, and the spread of wildfire to lands outside the wilderness. Use of fire lookout towers, fire roads, tool caches, aircraft, motorboats, and motorized fire-fighting equipment would be permitted for such control.

Insect and Disease Control
(See Insects and Diseases, p. 38, Resource Management Policy section.)

Rescue and Other Emergency Operations
In emergency situations involving the health and safety of persons and to meet recognized management needs, use of aircraft, motorboats, or other motorized or mechanical equipment will be permitted. (See also Aircraft Operation, p. 37, Resource Management Policy section.)

Regulation of Excess Wildlife Population
Population Control through natural predation will be encouraged. Trapping and transplanting of excess animals will be practiced by park personnel as necessary. If these prove insufficient, direct reduction by park personnel would be instituted. (See also Fish and Wildlife Management Policy section, p. 45.)

Non-native Plants and Animals
Non-native species of plants and animals will be eliminated where it is possible to do so by approved methods which will preserve wilderness qualities.

Research
The Service, recognizing the scientific value of wilderness areas as natural outdoor laboratories, would encourage those kinds of research and data gathering which require such areas for their accomplishment.

The Service may establish reasonable limitations to control the size of the areas which may be used for varying types of research projects within national park wilderness, and projects exceeding those limitations would be subject to approval by the Director.

Fishing
(See Fish and Wildlife Management Policy section, p. 45.)

Visitor Use Structures and Facilities
Primitive trails for foot and horse travel are acceptable. Narrow trails which blend into the landscape will be allowed in wilderness with footbridges and horsebridges where they are essential to visitor safety. Stock-holding corrals or discreetly placed drift fences will be permissible if needed in the interest of protection of wilderness values. No improvement will be permitted that are primarily for the comfort and convenience of visitors, such as developed campgrounds and picnic facilities. However, trailside shelters may be permitted where they are needed for the protection of wilderness values.

Boating
Boating, except with motorboats and airboats, is an acceptable use of wilderness.

Commercial Services
Saddle and pack stock and guided boat trips in water areas are acceptable uses, but the number, nature, and extent of these services will be carefully controlled through regulations and permits so as to protect the wilderness values. (See also Concessions and Concessioners, p. 55, Resource and Visitor Use Policy section.)

Mining and Prospecting
(See Mineral Exploration, Mineral Leasing, and Mining, p. 38, Resource Management Policy section.)

Inholdings
Unless acquisition by the United States is assured, they will be excluded from the area classified as wilderness. It will be the policy to acquire such inholdings as rapidly as possible, and as they are acquired, the lands will be proposed for designation as wilderness if they otherwise meet the criteria for such areas. (See also Land Acquisition, p. 34, Resource Management Policy section.)

Water Development Projects
Such projects, whether for improvement of navigation, flood control, irrigation, power, or other multiple purposes, are not acceptable in wilderness. Where these activities are authorized by statute, the area in question will be recommended for wilderness only with the proviso that such authorization be discontinued.

Grazing
Except where grazing is conducted under permits which may be expected to expire at a fixed or determinable date in advance of legislative action on the wilderness proposal, lands utilized for that purpose will not be proposed for wilderness designation.

Timber Harvesting
(See Forest Management, p. 37, Resource Management Policy section.)

Hunting
(See Fish and Wildlife Management Policy section, p. 45.)

Motorized Equipment
The use of aircraft for airdrops or for other purposes, and the use of motorized trail vehicles, generators, and similar devices will not be permitted in national park wilderness, except as otherwise provided herein to meet the needs of management.

Roads and Utilities
Public-use roads and utility line rights-of-way are not permitted.