Cover Page

Table of Contents

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Essay

Brief History

Gila River

Granada

Heart Mountain

Jerome

Manzanar

Minidoka

Poston

Rohwer

Topaz

Tule Lake

Isolation Centers

Add'l Facilities

Assembly Centers

DoJ and US Army Facilities

Prisons

References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites by J. Burton, M. Farrell, F. Lord, and R. Lord

Chapter 8 (continued)
Manzanar Relocation Center

Central Fenced Area
Evacuee Residential Area

Figure 8.44. Barracks footing blocks at Manzanar.

Within the evacuee area little evidence remains of the barracks themselves. Concrete footing blocks are at some of the barracks locations (Figure 8.44), as are some of the pipes of the water faucets that were on the exterior of every other barracks. Concrete or rock overflow basins are present at many of the water faucets, including one in Block 19 inscribed with "June 6, 1943" and one in Block 11 inscribed with "1944" (Figures 8.45 and 8.46). At some of the barracks locations there are shallow depressions likely from infilled basements.

Nearly all of the concrete slab foundations for the latrines, laundry rooms, and ironing rooms are intact. However, some are buried by sheet wash, and in Block 1 all of the slabs have been broken up and piled and in Block 7 they have been removed. The laundry room slabs measure 20 feet by 50 feet. The ironing room slabs are 20 feet by 28 feet. The latrines consisted of two separate (men's and women's) 20-foot-by-30-foot buildings. The women's has holes for 10 toilet fixtures, the men's has eight, each had a single shower stall and a single hot water heater (Figure 8.47).

Manholes remain in many of the blocks (Figure 8.48), but water and sewer lines appear to have been removed from some blocks. Only two fire hydrants remain, both are near the auditorium. One is surrounded by a circle of rocks (Figure 8.49). Lettering on the hydrants indicate they were made by Pacific States of Provo, Utah.

Evidence of hundreds of evacuee landscaping improvements are still present, and together they comprise some of the most significant features at the relocation center site. These include concrete, rock, cobblestone, and asphalt sidewalks, walkways, and entries. Some entries were decorated, such as a concrete stoop with imbedded glazed pipe fragments at Barracks 8, Block 3, a simulated-wood concrete stoop at Barracks 2, Block 9, and an incised and painted concrete stoop on the south side of Barracks 13, Block 22 (Figures 8.50 and 8.51). Some include addresses, "9=6=1" (Block 9) and "15-13-4" (Block 15), names, or dates, "Shintoni May 21, 1944" (Block 11) and "May 8, 1942" (Block 34) (Figure 8.52). A small concrete slab on the south side of Barracks 11, Block 18, has two deliberate handprints (Figure 8.53). Photographs at the Eastern California Museum indicate that more inscriptions were once within the central area.

Figure 8.64. Incriptions at the Manzanar fire station.

Other landscaping features and improvements include rock alignments along roads, around trees, and at barracks entries (Figure 8.54), a rock and concrete fountain, a concrete-lined wading pool (Figure 8.55), an arbor (Figure 8.56), clothesline posts (Figure 8.57), low fences and walls, and wooden borders and edging. The most elaborate evacuee improvements were gardens, many with ponds, waterfalls, walkways, and bridges (Figures 8.58-8.62; Table 8.1).

There are still slabs from the relocation center fire department in the east-central portion of Block 13 with various levels and types of concrete indicating more than one building episode (Figure 8.63). The entry ramp has a few shoe imprints and several inscriptions (Figure 8.64). There are two storm drains constructed of concrete and rock along the road east of Barracks 1, Block 1. A 40-foot-by-100-foot concrete slab (possibly a patio) covers the entire area between Barracks 13 and 14 in Block 13.

Photo Album

Continued

Last Modified: Fri, Sep 1 2000 07:08:48 pm PDT
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