NORTH CASCADES Archeology of the Little Beaver Watershed North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Whatcom County, Washington

COVER (HTML)

COVER (PDF)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (PDF)

CONTENTS (PDF)

LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES

1.0 INTRODUCTION (PDF)

2.0 ENVIRONMENT, CULTURE, AND ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE NORTHERN CASCADES (PDF)

2.1 Project Environment
2.2 Environmental History
2.3 Research Into Indigenous Use of the High Elevation, Northern Cascades Interior
2.4 Pre-contact History of the Project Area
2.5 Ethnohistoric Background
2.6 Post-contact History

3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS (PDF)

3.1 A Research Framework for Understanding the Little Beaver Watershed
3.2 Survey and Inventory Methodology
3.3 Special Analyses: X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Vitrophyre, Electron Microprobe Analysis of Tephra, Radiocarbon Dating of Charcoal
3.4 Tool Stone Confidence Classes
3.5 Test Excavations
3.6 Curation of Project Collections

4.0 RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS (PDF)

4.1 Field Survey Results
4.1.1 45WH631
4.1.2 45WH633
4.1.3 IF 117
4.1.4 IF 119
4.1.5 Aggregate Sample of All Little Beaver Archeological Sites
4.2 Tool Stone Sources
4.3 Minimum Number of Tools (MNT)
4.4 Results of Excavation at 45WH220
4.4.1 Test Units
4.4.2 Artifacts Recovered by Test Unit and Level
4.4.3 Test Unit Stratigraphy
4.4.4 Local and Regional Context of Excavation Results
4.4.5 Radiocarbon Age Estimates
4.5 Electron-microprobe Identification of Tephra (Volcanic Ash) Sample
4.6 X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) of Vitrophyre

5.0 DISCUSSION OF LITTLE BEAVER WATERSHED ARCHEOLOGY (PDF)

5.1 Cultural Chronology of the Little Beaver Area
5.2 Archeological Assemblages
5.3 The Geography of Tool Stone
5.4 Site Geography and the Demography of Travel Groups
5.5 Summary and Conclusions

6.0 REFERENCES CITED (PDF)

APPENDICES (PDF)

A-1. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
A-2. RESULTS OF OBSIDIAN X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSES
A-3 RESULTS OF TEPHRA ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSES