NPS- 28: CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINE
Effective Date: June 11, 1998
| CONTENTS |
Cultural Resource Management 1
Research 1
Planning 1
Stewardship 2
Purposes and Goals of This Guideline 2
Organization of the Guideline 3
Resource Types and Interdisciplinary Involvement 3
Standards 4
Implementation of the Guideline 4
Chapter 1: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 5
Introduction 5
The Cultural Connection 5
Parks and Cultural Resources 6
Cultural Resource Management 6
Types of Cultural Resources 7
Notes on Resource Categorization 7
NPS Resource Types 8
The Nature of Cultural Resources 9
Significance 9
Associations 9
Integrity 10
Essentials of a Comprehensive Program 11
Objectives of Cultural Resource Management 11
Research 11
Planning 12
Stewardship 12
Program Dynamics 13
The Process and the Cycle 13
The Human Factor 14
Decision-Making 14
A Living Legacy 15
Chapter 2: RESEARCH 17
Research Methodology 17
Task Directive 17
Research Design 19
Documentary Research 19
Field Investigations 19
Report 20
Resource Identification, Evaluation, and Registration 21
Service-wide Inventories of Cultural Resources 22
Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI) 22
Cultural Sites Inventory (CSI)–Archeology and Ethnography
(under development) 23
List of Classified Structures (LCS) 23
National Catalog of Museum Objects 23
National Register of Historic Places 23
Procedures for Established Areas 24
Baseline Research Reports 24
Archeological Overview and Assessment 25
Archeological Identification/Evaluation Studies 25
Ethnographic Overview and Assessment 25
Cultural Affiliation Studies 25
Historic Resource Study (HRS) 25
Cultural Resources Base Map 26
Park Administrative History 26
Rapid Ethnographic Assessment Project (REAP) 26
Scope of Collection Statement 26
Abbreviated and Specific Resource Studies 27
Physical Documentation and Material Analysis 28
Qualifications of Researchers 28
Funding and Staffing 29
Checklist for Research 30
Chapter 3: PLANNING 31
The Planning Process 31
Planning Scopes 32
Resources Management Plans 34
Planning and Cultural Resource Considerations 35
Archeological Resources 36
Cultural Landscapes 36
Historic and Prehistoric Structures 37
Museum Objects 37
Ethnographic Resources 38
Checklist for Planning 40
Chapter 4: STEWARDSHIP 41
Visitor Experience 41
Interpretation 42
Accessibility 42
Facilities 43
Park Design 43
Maintenance Management, ICAP, and Preservation Maintenance 43
Energy Conservation and Historic Preservation 45
Commemorative Works and Plaques 45
Protection 46
Safety 46
Physical Security 47
Law Enforcement 47
Archeological Resources Protection Act and Antiquities Act 47
Emergency Management 48
Land Acquisition and Management 48
Pest Management 49
Fire Management 49
Structural Fire 49
Wildland and Prescribed Fires 50
Administration 50
Budget 50
Personnel 51
Recruitment 51
Training 52
Chapter 5: COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 106 OF THE NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT 53
Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act 53
Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act 54
Responsibilities of the Superintendent 55
Responsibilities of the Field Director 56
When to Initiate Consultation 56
The Regulatory Section 106 Compliance Process 57
Identifying Historic Properties (36 CFR 800.4) 57
Assessing Effects (800.5) 59
Finding of No Effect 60
Finding of No Adverse Effect 60
Finding of Adverse Effect 60
Consultation (800.5[e]) 61
Advisory Council Comment 61
Groups of Undertakings and Programmatic Agreements 61
1995 Servicewide Programmatic Agreement 62
Programmatic Exclusions (Stipulation IV) 62
Planning (Stipulation VI) 63
Cooperation and Communication (Stipulation IX) 64
Checklist for Park Section 106 Compliance 65
Chapter 6: MANAGEMENT OF ARCHEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 67
Introduction and Objectives 67
Types of Archeological Resources 67
Program Objectives 68
Research 71
Project Development 71
Work Plans and Research Design 71
Permit Requirements 72
Consultation Requirements 72
Identification and Evaluation 73
Systemwide Archeological Inventory Program 73
Cluster-wide Archeological Inventory Plan 73
Archeological Overview and Assessment 74
Archeological Identification Study 74
Archeological Evaluation Study 75
Archeological Databases 76
Confidentiality of Information 77
Archeological Data Recovery Studies 78
Disposition of Archeological Collections 78
Planning 79
Relationship to Park Planning Documents 79
General Management Plan 79
Resources Management Plan 79
Development Concept Plan 80
Interpretive Prospectus 80
Other Park Plans 80
Relationship to Other Cultural Resources 80
Museum Collections 81
Historic and Prehistoric Sites and Structures 81
Cultural Landscapes 81
Ethnographic Resources 82
Use of Archeological Resources 82
Research Uses 82
Interpretive Uses 83
Section 106 and NEPA Compliance 83
Funding and Staffing 83
Stewardship 84
Treatment 84
Preservation 84
Rehabilitation, Restoration, and Reconstruction 85
Protection 85
Checklist for Management of Archeological Resources 86
Chapter 7: MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES 87
Introduction and Objectives 87
Introduction 87
Program Objectives 87
Cultural Landscape Categories 88
Research 89Identification 89
Documentation, Evaluation, and Registration 90
Documentation 90
Significance 90
Integrity 90
National Register Nominations 90
Cultural Landscapes Inventory 91
Cultural Landscape Report 91
Planning 94
Relationship to Park Plans 94
Decisions About Treatment 94
Compliance 95
Use 96
Funding and Staffing 96
Stewardship 96
General Treatment 96
Preservation 98
Rehabilitation 100
Restoration 101
Reconstruction 102
Biotic Systems Treatment 103
Specimen Plant Management 104
Vegetation Systems Management 105
Pest Management 105
Endangered Species 106
Inventory and Condition Assessment Program (ICAP) 106
Partnerships 106
Acquisition of Lands and Interests 107
Leases and Agreements 107
Adjacent Lands 107
Destruction or Neglect of Cultural Landscapes 108
Special Issues 108
Cemeteries 108
Circulation Systems 109
Earthworks 110
Monuments, Memorials, and Landscape Remnants 110
Checklist for Management of Cultural Landscapes 111
Chapter 8: MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC AND PREHISTORIC STRUCTURES 113
Introduction 113
Resource Definition 113
Program Objectives 113
Research 114
dentification, Evaluation, and Registration 114
Historic Resource Study 114
National Register Nominations 115
List of Classified Structures 115
Categories of Significance 115
Documentation and Investigation 116
Historic Structure Report 116
Graphic Documentation 119
Archival Considerations 120
Planning 120
Treatment Planning 120
Ultimate Treatment 121
Historic Property Preservation Database (HPPD) 122
Removal or Neglect 122
Use of Historic Structures 122
Park Housing 123
Museums 123
Commemorative Works and Plaques 123
Codes, Regulations, and Contemporary Development 124
Design Compatibility 124
Accessibility 124
Safety and Security 125
Energy Conservation 125
Administrative Issues 125
Compliance 125
Funding and Staffing 126
Construction Documents 126
Stewardship 127
Treatment and Use 127
Preservation 128
Rehabilitation 129
Restoration 131
Reconstruction 132
Monitoring and Inspections 133
Protection 133
Partnerships 133
Leasing 134
Special Use Permits 134
Cooperative Agreements 134
Concession Agreements 134
Conveyance 135
Checklist for Management of Historic and Prehistoric Structures 136
Chapter 9: MANAGEMENT OF MUSEUM OBJECTS 137
Introduction and Objectives 137
Types of Museum Collections 138
Library Materials 142
Program Objectives 142
Research 143
Scope of Collections 143
Acquisition 143
Documentation 144
Accessioning 144
Cataloging 144
Research Use of Collections 145
Interpretive Uses of Collections 145
Outgoing Loans 145
Deaccessioning 146
Planning 147
Park Planning 147
Collection Management Planning 147
Collection Management Plan 147
Collection Storage Plan 148
Collection Condition Survey 148
Exhibit Plan and Design 148
Historic Furnishings Report 149
Relationship to Historic Structures 149
Submissions to Cultural Resources Management Bibliography 149
Stewardship 150
Protection of Museum Objects 150
Preservation of Museum Objects 150
Preventive Conservation 150
Conservation Treatment 151
Accounting for Museum Objects 151
Annual Physical Inventory 151
Collections Management Report 152
Assessment of Conditions 152
Consumptive Use of Museum Objects 152
Historic Furnishings 154
Staffing and Funding 155
Checklist for Management of Museum Objects 156
Chapter 10: MANAGEMENT OF ETHNOGRAPHIC RESOURCES 157
Overview and Introduction 157
The Park Applied Ethnography Program 157
Need for Ethnographic Technical Assistance and Data 158
Traditionally Associated Groups and Resource Uses 158
Traditional Ethnographic Cultural and Natural Resources 160
Identifying Ethnographic Resource Boundaries 161
Ethnographic Resource Types 161
Ethnography's Interdisciplinary Role 162
Research 163
Principles of Ethnographic Research 163
Collaboration 163
Research Conduct, Confidentiality, and Information Management 164
Methodologies 165
Ethnographic Research Types 166
Ethnographic Overview and Assessment 166
Traditional Use Study 166
Rapid Ethnographic Assessment Project (REAP) 167
Ethnographic Landscape Study 167
Cultural Affiliation and Lineal Descent Studies 167
PPENDIX A: Ethnohistory 167
Ethnographic Oral and Life Histories 168
Ethnographic Resources Inventory (ERI) 168
Planning and Program Strategies 168
Park Ethnographic Program Strategy 168
General Management Plans and Special Resource Studies 170
Stewardship 170
Parks, Resource Integrity, and Viable Cultural Systems 170
Notification 171
Consultation 171
Compliance 172
NAGPRA 173
Treatment 173
Protection 173
Registration 174
Use 174
Education 174
Community Partnerships 175
Checklist for Management of Ethnographic Resources 176
Appendix A: Glossary 177
Appendix B: Laws, Regulations, and Orders 191
Appendix C: Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation 197
Appendix D: Distribution/Availability of Final Cultural Resource Reports 231
Appendix E: Qualification Standards and Selective or Quality Ranking Factors for Cultural Resource Specialists 235
Appendix F: Selected Management Bibliography 239
Appendix G: Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Technical Bibliography 241
Appendix H: National Register Technical Bibliography 245
Appendix I: Selected History and Historical Interpretation Bibliography 249
Appendix J: Archeology Bibliography 251
Appendix K: Selected Cultural Landscape Bibliography 255
Appendix L: Historic and Prehistoric Structure Technical Bibliography 259
Appendix M: Museum Objects Technical Bibliography 279
Appendix N: Selected Ethnographic Resources Bibliography 283
Appendix O: Model Section 106 Form 287
Appendix P: 1995 Servicewide Programmatic Agreement 295
Appendix Q: Preparing National Register Forms 309
Appendix R: NAGPRA Compliance 319
INDEX 341
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