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SAGUARO
Historic Resource Study |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. Introduction
B. Paleoindian 10,000 - 8,000 B.C.
C. Archaic 8,000 B.C. - A.D. 1
D. Hohokam Circa A.D. 1 - AD. 1450
A. Introduction
B. Spanish Period 1687-1821
C. Mexican Period 1821-1854
D. American Period 1854-
Chapter One: Conquest and Settlement
A. The Spanish Period
B. The Mexican Period
C. The American Period
Chapter Two: Livestock Grazing and the Southern Arizona Environment
A. The Introduction and Proliferation of Livestock in Southern Arizona
B. National Forests and United States Forest Service Grazing Policy
C. Grazing Within and Around Saguaro National Monument
D. The Ecology of Southern Arizona Grassland and the "Old Cow Theory"
Chapter Three: In Pursuit of Valuable Ore
A. A Summary of Arizona Mining
B. The Amole Mining District
C. The Rincon Mining District
D. Lime Kilns
Chapter Four: The Establishment of Saguaro National Monument and Its Administration
A. Saguaro Becomes a National Monument
B. The Saguaro Boundary Dispute
C. The Tucson Mountain Unit
D. Monument Development
E. The Civilian Conservation Corps
1. Tucson Mountain Unit
2. The Rincon Mountain Unit
F. Forest Fire Policy
G. The Park Service Approach to Grazing
H. Presumed Death of the Saguaro
I. Second World War Period Aircraft Crashes
J. Dude Ranches
Chapter Five: A History of Manning Cabin
Chapter Six: Description and Evaluation of Historical Resources
A. Mining in the Tucson Mountain Unit
B. Mining the Rincon Mountain Unit
C. Lime Manufacturing on Both Saguaro National Monument Units
D. The Civilian Conservation Corps
1. Tucson Mountain Unit
2. Rincon Mountain Unit
E. Manning Cabin
F. Spud Rock Cabin Site
G. Freeman Homestead
H. Chimenea Canyon Chimney
I. Second World War Military Airplane Crashes
J. Livestock Grazing, Woodcutting, Cactus Removal, and Unrestrained Horseback Riding as Related to Ecological Destructiveness
K. Military Heliograph Activity
L. Archeological Resources
Appendix A: Proclamation 2031, Establishing Saguaro National Monument
Appendix B: Grazing Allotment Owners
Appendix C: Patented Claims in the Amole Mining District
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 2: Portion of "Kaart van het Westelyk Gedeelte van Nieuw Mexico en van California," 1765
Figure 3: Portion of "A New Map of Mexico, California & Oregon," 1850
Figure 4: Portion of "Map of Routes for a Pacific Railroad," 1855
Figure 5: Portion of "Map of Southern Arizona," 1868
Figure 6: Map Drawn May 14, 1883 to Show Squatters on Fort Lowell Military Reservation
Figure 7: Portion of "Official Map of Pima County, Arizona, 1893" by George Roskruge
Figure 8: Portion of a Map Showing Proposed Heliograph Lines and Stations to be Operated During the Field Exercises of May 1-15, 1890
Figure 9: Portion of a Map Showing the Heliograph Lines and Stations in Arizona and New Mexico Operated During Field Exercises May 1-15, 1890
Figure 10: Grazing Allotments in Saguaro National Monument 1935
Figure 11: Map Showing the Principal Mining Claims in the Amole District
Figure 12: Monument Inholders 1934
Figure 13: Original Floor Plan of Manning Cabin as Described by Howell Manning
Figure 14: Present-day Manning Cabin Floor Plan
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS
Photo 2: Manning Cabin 1906 181
Photo 3: Manning Cabin ca. 1906-07
Photo 4: Manning Cabin ca. 1906-07
Photo 5: Manning Cabin ca. 1906-07
Photo 6: Manning Cabin ca. 1909-10
Photo 7: Manning Cabin ca. 1912-14
Photo 8: Manning Cabin May 1986
Photo 9: Manning Cabin "Dog Run" (Walkway) August 1966
Photo 10: Manning Cabin "Dog Run" (Walkway) August 1966
Photo 11: Manning Cabin "Dog Run" (Walkway) August 1966
Photo 12: Manning Cabin May 1986
Photo 13: Manning Cabin May 1986
Photo 14: Manning Cabin May 1986
Photo 15: Manning Cabin May 1986
Photo 16: Gould Mine Shaft May 1986
Photo 17: Gould Mine Powder House May 1986
Photo 18: Mile Wide Mine Upper Shaft May 1986
Photo 19: Mile Wide Mine Tailings May 1986
Photo 20: North Lime Kiln, Rincon Unit May 1986
Photo 21: South Lime Kiln, Rincon Unit May 1986
Photo 22: Lime Kiln near Sus Picnic Ground, Tucson Mountain Unit May 1986
Photo 23: Remains of Camp Pima May 1986
Photo 24: Remains of Camp Pima May 1986
Photo 25: Adobe Wall Remains at Camp Pima May 1986
Photo 26: Ez-Kim-In-Zin Picnic Ramada May 1986
Photo 27: Ez-Kim-In-Zin Bathroom May 1986
Photo 28: Signal Hill Picnic Ramada May 1986
Photo 29: Signal Hill Picnic Table and Fireplace May 1986
Photo 30: Signal Hill Enclosed Picnic Facility May 1986
Photo 31: Signal Hill Bathroom May 1986
Photo 32: Mam-A-Gah Picnic Ramada May 1986
Photo 33: Mam-A-Gah Picnic Tables May 1986
Photo 34: Mam-A-Gah Fireplace May 1986
Photo 35: Mam-A-Gah Bathroom May 1986
Photo 36: Cam-Boh Ramada May 1986
Photo 37: Cam-Boh Bathroom May 1986
Photo 38: Sus Picnic Ramada May 1986
Photo 39: CCC Stone Masonry Dam near Sus Picnic Area May 1986
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Last Updated: 23-Jun-2005